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<title>SARS-CoV-2-Variante Delta</title>

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">SARS-CoV-2-Variante Delta</h1>

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Die SARS-CoV-2-Variante Delta, nach der <a href="Pango-Nomenklatur" class="mw-redirect" title="Pango-Nomenklatur">Pango-Nomenklatur</a> auch als B.1.617.2 bezeichnet, ist eine Variante des Betacoronavirus <a href="SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a>. Ihr gehören sämtliche Untervarianten AY.* an, die lt. PANGO-Nomenklatur auch als B.1.617.2.* bezeichnet werden. Das erste Auftreten wurde für den Oktober 2020 in Indien<a href="#cite_note-whoEpi20210601-1">[1]</a> im Bundesstaat <a href="Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> nachgewiesen,<a href="#cite_note-nature20210906-2">[2]</a> entstanden ist sie durch <a href="Mutation" title="Mutation">Mutationen</a> als <a href="SARS-CoV-2#Virusvarianten" title="SARS-CoV-2">Untervariante</a> von <a href="B.1.617" title="B.1.617">B.1.617</a>.<a href="#cite_note-whoEpi20210601-1">[1]</a> Sie wurde Mitte Mai 2021 von der <a href="Weltgesundheitsorganisation" title="Weltgesundheitsorganisation">Weltgesundheitsorganisation</a> (WHO) als besorgniserregende Variante (<a href="SARS-CoV-2#VOC" title="SARS-CoV-2">Variant of Concern, VOC</a>) eingestuft.<a href="#cite_note-whoEpi20210601-1">[1]</a>

In Indien verursachte die Variante Delta im April und Mai 2021 eine mehr als dreimal so hohe <a href="COVID-19-Pandemie_in_Indien#Diagramme" title="COVID-19-Pandemie in Indien">zweite COVID-19-Welle</a> wie jene vom Herbst 2020.<a href="#cite_note-joi20210805-3">[3]</a> Ab Juli 2021 war Delta die bestimmende Variante weltweit<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> und in Europa;<a href="#cite_note-owidAnteilDelta-5">[5]</a> in Deutschland hatte sie Ende August 2021 einen Anteil von 99,3 %.<a href="#cite_note-RKI20210826-6">[6]</a> Zum Jahreswechsel 2021/22 wurde Delta zunehmend von der neu aufgetretenen <a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Omikron" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Omikron">Omikron-Variante</a> verdrängt; ab April 2022 wurden praktisch keine Delta-Infektionen mehr in Deutschland registriert.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

Mit der Delta-Variante Infizierte stecken im Mittel mehr als doppelt so viele Menschen an wie mit dem <a href="SARS-CoV-2#Wildtyp-Varianten" title="SARS-CoV-2">Wildtyp von SARS-CoV-2</a> Infizierte. Die Dauer von der Ansteckung bis zum Nachweis der Viren ist dabei im Schnitt von sechs auf vier Tage verkürzt.<a href="#cite_note-lancet20210721-8">[8]</a> Eine Studie aus China, die während eines <a href="Ausbruch_(Epidemiologie)" title="Ausbruch (Epidemiologie)">Ausbruchs</a> der Delta-Variante, das Zeitintervall von der <a href="Exposition_(Epidemiologie)" title="Exposition (Epidemiologie)">Exposition</a> einer unter Quarantäne gestellten <a href="Population_(Biologie)" title="Population (Biologie)">Population</a> bis zum ersten positiven Ergebnis der <a href="Polymerase-Kettenreaktion" title="Polymerase-Kettenreaktion">Polymerase-Kettenreaktion</a> (genauer: <a href="RT-PCR" class="mw-redirect" title="RT-PCR">RT-PCR</a>) untersuchte, stellte fest, dass die <a href="Viruslast" title="Viruslast">Viruslast</a> bei einer Delta-Infektion etwa 1200-mal höher war, als bei anderen VOC-Varianten des SARS-CoV-2;<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> ein Sachverhalt der darauf hindeutet, dass die Delta-Variante in der Lage sein könnte, sich schneller zu <a href="Replikation" title="Replikation">replizieren</a> und in den frühen Stadien der Infektion <a href="Infektiosit%C3%A4t" title="Infektiosität">infektiöser</a> sein könnte als die nicht besorgniserregenden Varianten von SARS-CoV-2 („Non-VOC's“).<a href="#cite_note-who20210720-10">[10]</a> Das Risiko wegen eines schweren Krankheitsverlaufs von COVID-19 in ein Krankenhaus eingewiesen zu werden, ist bei einer <a href="Infektion" title="Infektion">Infektion</a> mit der Variante Delta etwa doppelt so hoch wie bei einer Infektion mit der <a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Alpha" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Alpha">Alpha-Variante</a>.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>

Impfungen verhindern Infektionen mit der Delta-Variante mindestens in etwa der Hälfte der Fälle.<a href="#cite_note-cdc20210813-12">[12]</a> Das Risiko, schwer krank zu werden oder zu sterben, ist im Mittel für ungeimpfte Personen mehr als zehnmal höher als bei geimpften,<a href="#cite_note-cdcintern20210729-13">[13]</a> im höheren Alter lässt die Schutzwirkung der Impfungen nach.<a href="#cite_note-coviddatascience-14">[14]</a> Mit den bisherigen <a href="COVID-19-Impfstoff" title="COVID-19-Impfstoff">COVID-19-Impfstoffen</a> übertragen geimpfte Personen das Virus in ähnlichem Maße wie ungeimpfte, so die WHO im August 2021.<a href="#cite_note-WHO20210824trans-15">[15]</a>

Ab Ende November 2021 verbreitete sich weltweit die <a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Omikron" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Omikron">SARS-CoV-2-Variante Omikron</a> und setzte sich zum Jahreswechsel 2021/22 Zug um Zug gegen die Variante Delta durch. Am 7. Juni 2022 stufte die WHO die Variante Delta als „Previously circulating VOC“ zurück.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mutationen"> Mutationen</h2></div>

Das erste Auftreten der Delta-Variante B.1.617.2 wurde für den Oktober 2020 in Indien nachgewiesen.<a href="#cite_note-whoEpi20210601-1">[1]</a> Acht charakteristische Mutationen des <a href="Spike-Glykoprotein_von_SARS-CoV-2" title="Spike-Glykoprotein von SARS-CoV-2">Spike-Glykoproteins</a> kennzeichnen sie: T19R, G142D, del157/158, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R und D950N lassen sich in jeweils mehr als 60 % der sequenzierten Proben finden (s. Abb. 1 & 2).<a href="#cite_note-whoEpi20210509-17">[17]</a> Von besonderem Interesse sind L452R, T478K, D614G und P681R (s. Abb. 1, Mitte & Abb. 2, rot).<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>

<ul><li> Die Mutation <a href="SARS-CoV-2#D614G" title="SARS-CoV-2">D614G</a> trat bereits bei der <a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Alpha" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Alpha">Alpha-Variante</a> auf und steht mit effizienterer Replikation für höhere <a href="Infektiosit%C3%A4t" title="Infektiosität">Infektiosität</a> und <a href="Kontagiosit%C3%A4t" title="Kontagiosität">Übertragbarkeit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li></ul>

<ul><li> Die Mutation P681R sorge für eine deutliche Steigerung der <a href="SARS-CoV-2#Replikationszyklus" title="SARS-CoV-2">Replikation</a> (Vermehrung) der Variante Delta gegenüber der P681H-Mutation der Variante Alpha, so eine vorveröffentlichte Studie vom August 2021.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li></ul>

<ul><li> Die Mutation L452R beeinträchtigt die Neutralisation durch Antikörper.<a href="#cite_note-nature20210708l452r-23">[23]</a></li></ul>

<ul><li> Die Mutation T478K korreliert in Kombination mit dem Fehlen von E484Q direkt mit der Positivenrate.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> T478K tritt speziell in der Variante Delta und im selben Bereich der <a href="Epitop" title="Epitop">Epitope</a> des Spike-Proteins auf, in der auch die Mutation <a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Beta#E484K" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Beta">E484K</a> der Beta-Variante mit Tendenz zu <a href="Fluchtmutation" title="Fluchtmutation">Fluchtmutationen</a> liegt.<a href="#cite_note-nature20210708-25">[25]</a></li></ul>

<ul><li> Die Mutation E484Q, die die Variante B.1.617 kennzeichnet und auch bei beiden anderen Untervarianten Kappa (B.1.617.1) und B.1.617.3 zu finden ist,<a href="#cite_note-outbreak1617uv-26">[26]</a> tritt bei der Delta-Variante nicht auf (s. Abb. 2, blau).<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li></ul>

<div class="sieheauch" role="navigation" style="font-style:italic;">Siehe auch: <a href="SARS-CoV-2#Mutationen" title="SARS-CoV-2">Abschnitt „Mutationen“ bei SARS-CoV-2</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>

Die Delta-Variante B.1.617.2 wurde im Mai 2021 von der <a href="Weltgesundheitsorganisation" title="Weltgesundheitsorganisation">Weltgesundheitsorganisation</a> (WHO) mit sämtlichen Untervarianten als besorgniserregende Variante (<a href="SARS-CoV-2#Variant_of_Concern_(VOC)" title="SARS-CoV-2">VOC, Variant of Concern</a>) eingestuft.<a href="#cite_note-whoEpi20210601-1">[1]</a> Statt mit der Langform „B.1.617.2.*“ werden die Delta-Untervarianten kurz mit „AY.*“ benannt.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a>

Die Delta-Variante entkommt teilweise neutralisierenden <a href="Monoklonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoklonal">monoklonalen</a> und <a href="Polyklonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyklonal">polyklonalen</a> <a href="Antik%C3%B6rper" title="Antikörper">Antikörpern</a>, die durch eine vorherige SARS-CoV-2-Infektion oder durch Impfung entstanden sind, zeigten Anfang Juli 2021 veröffentlichte Ergebnisse des <a href="Institut_Pasteur" title="Institut Pasteur">Institut Pasteur</a> in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-nature20210708-25">[25]</a> Bei Positivtests der Delta-Variante war die <a href="Viruslast" title="Viruslast">Viruslast</a> 1.200-mal höher als bei anderen Varianten, die nicht als besorgniserregend gelten, so eine vorab veröffentlichte Studie aus China. Bei Infizierten, die in Quarantäne waren, hatte sich gezeigt, dass der <a href="Corona-Test#PCR-Test" title="Corona-Test">PCR-Test</a> schon nach durchschnittlich vier statt wie bei frühen Varianten nach sechs Tagen positiv war, gab die <a href="WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a> Mitte Juli 2021 an.<a href="#cite_note-who20210720-10">[10]</a>

Laut einer Veröffentlichung in <a href="The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a> Mitte Juli 2021 liegt die <a href="Basisreproduktionszahl" title="Basisreproduktionszahl">Basisreproduktionszahl</a> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{0}}">

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</math><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9b8916196f182fcbaaca54f931176a4a4f5769cc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.818ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{0}}" loading="lazy"> der Delta-Variante bei nahezu 7.<a href="#cite_note-lancet20210721-8">[8]</a> Diese Zahl gibt an, an wie viele Menschen eine infizierte Person das Virus überträgt, sofern keine eindämmenden Maßnahmen ergriffen werden. Eine Ende Juli 2021 von der <a href="Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> veröffentlichte interne Präsentation der <a href="Centers_for_Disease_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="Centers for Disease Control">CDC</a> zeigt in einer Grafik, eine an der Delta-Variante erkrankte Person könne zwischen 5 und 9,5 andere anstecken, beim <a href="SARS-CoV-2#Wildtyp_und_Variante_D614G" title="SARS-CoV-2">Wildtyp</a> seien es zwischen 1,5 und 3,5.<a href="#cite_note-cdcintern20210729-13">[13]</a> Die Übertragbarkeit der Delta-Variante wird mit der von <a href="Windpocken" title="Windpocken">Windpocken</a> verglichen.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Die <a href="Weltgesundheitsorganisation" title="Weltgesundheitsorganisation">Weltgesundheitsorganisation</a> bestätigte im August 2021, bei der Delta-Variante seien geimpfte Personen ähnlich ansteckend wie ungeimpfte.<a href="#cite_note-WHO20210824trans-15">[15]</a>

Die antikörperabhängige Verstärkung (<a href="Antibody-dependent_Enhancement" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibody-dependent Enhancement">Antibody-dependent Enhancement</a>, ADE) einer Infektion ist ein potenzielles Sicherheitsproblem für Impfstoffstrategien, speziell auch bei SARS-CoV-2.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Beim ursprünglichen Wuhan/D614G-Stamm setzen sich bei geimpften Personen <a href="Neutralisierende_Antik%C3%B6rper" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutralisierende Antikörper">neutralisierende</a> gegenüber <a href="Infektionsverst%C3%A4rkende_Antik%C3%B6rper" title="Infektionsverstärkende Antikörper">infektionsverstärkenden Antikörpern</a> durch. Bei der Delta-Variante wiesen neutralisierende Antikörper <a href="In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a> hingegen eine verringerte <a href="Affinit%C3%A4t_(Biochemie)" title="Affinität (Biochemie)">Affinität</a> zum Spike-Protein auf, infektionsverstärkende Antikörper eine auffallend erhöhte. Daher könne ADE ein Problem für Menschen sein, die Impfstoffe auf Basis der ursprünglichen Wuhan-Stamm-Spike-Sequenz erhielten (mRNA oder virale Vektoren). Daher sollten Impfstoffe der zweiten Generation mit <a href="Spike-Glykoprotein_(SARS-CoV-2)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spike-Glykoprotein (SARS-CoV-2)">Spike-Glykoprotein</a>-Formulierungen in Betracht gezogen werden, denen strukturell konservierte ADE-bezogene <a href="Epitop" title="Epitop">Epitope</a> fehlen, so das Fazit einer im August 2021 im <a href="Journal_of_Infection" title="Journal of Infection">Journal of Infection</a> veröffentlichten Studie.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Bis Oktober 2021 gab es <a href="In_vivo" title="In vivo">in vivo</a> keine Hinweise auf eine ADE-verursachte Infektionsverstärkung.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Untervariante_AY.1"> Untervariante AY.1</h3></div>

AY.1 alias B.1.617.2.1 ist eine Untervariante der Variante Delta B.1.617.2 und wird inoffiziell „Delta plus“ oder „Nepal-Variante“ genannt. Sie gleicht weitgehend der gewöhnlichen Delta-Variante, hat dabei zusätzlich die Mutation K417N. Diese tritt unter anderem bei der <a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Beta" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Beta">Beta-Variante</a> (B.1.351) auf, die sich in Europa nicht gegen die anderen Varianten durchsetzen konnte. Sie hat die Eigenschaft, dass die bisherigen Impfstoffe weniger wirksam sind. So zeigt der Impfstoff <a href="AZD1222" title="AZD1222">AZD1222</a> von AstraZeneca 14 Tage nach vollständiger Impfung gegen milde bis moderate Krankheitsverläufe der Beta-Variante mit 10,4 % Wirksamkeit eine deutlich verringerte Schutzwirkung.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> AY.1 sei leichter übertragbar als die Beta-Variante, sagte der indische Bundesgesundheitsminister <a href="Rajesh_Bhushan" title="Rajesh Bhushan">Rajesh Bhushan</a>. Das Virus weise laut ersten Erkenntnissen eine stärkere Bindung an Rezeptoren der <a href="Pneumozyt" title="Pneumozyt">Pneumozyten</a> sowie eine mutmaßlich verringerte Antwort auf <a href="Monoklonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Monoklonal">monoklonale</a> Antikörper auf.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>

Die Variante AY.1 wurde außerhalb Indiens in Kanada, Deutschland, Russland, Nepal, der Schweiz, Polen, Japan und den USA nachgewiesen.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Ende Juni 2021 stufte Indien die Variante AY.1 als besorgniserregend (<a href="SARS-CoV-2#VOC" title="SARS-CoV-2">VOC</a>) ein. Laut indischem Gesundheitsministerium wurde den Sekretären der betroffenen Staaten in den einzelnen Distrikten der Einsatz unmittelbarer Eindämmungsmaßnahmen im Kampf gegen diese Variante empfohlen.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In Europa blieb der Anteil bis Herbst 2021 bei unter 3 %, eine Durchsetzung gegenüber den anderen Delta-Untervarianten war nicht erkennbar.<a href="#cite_note-nextstrainDelta-38">[38]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Untervariante_AY.3"> Untervariante AY.3</h3></div>

AY.3 alias B.1.617.2.3 ist eine Untervariante der Delta-Variante B.1.617.2. Sie wurde Mitte April 2021 erstmals identifiziert,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Ende Juli offiziell benannt<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> und hat sich bis Mitte August 2021 in Großbritannien, den USA und Israel ausgebreitet, mit noch relativ geringen Fallzahlen. Während eine genaue Risikoeinschätzung nicht möglich war, deuteten Wissenschaftlern zufolge die vorliegenden Daten auf eine abermals gestiegene Ansteckungsgefahr hin. Asher Shalmon, Leiter des Referats für Internationale Beziehungen des israelischen Gesundheitsministerium, erklärte Mitte August 2021: „Es sieht sehr, sehr virulent aus, was die Infektionsrate angeht, und es sieht so aus, als ob sie eine relative Resistenz gegen den Impfstoff entwickelt.“<a href="#cite_note-SpiegelAY.3-41">[41]</a> Laut einer vorveröffentlichten Studie gibt es Hinweise, dass AY.3 selbst bei geimpften Personen in der stärker kontrollierten Umgebung einer stationären medizinisch-chirurgischen Abteilung auftreten kann.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> In Europa blieb der Anteil bis Herbst 2021 bei unter 2 %, eine Durchsetzung gegenüber den anderen Delta-Untervarianten war nicht erkennbar.<a href="#cite_note-nextstrainDelta-38">[38]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Untervariante_AY.4"> Untervariante AY.4</h3></div>

AY.4 alias B.1.617.2.4 ist eine im Sommer 2021 weit verbreitete Untervariante der Delta-Variante B.1.617.2. Diese trägt die sie kennzeichnende Mutation A1711V<a href="#cite_note-conv2021-10-25-43">[43]</a> und machte ab Juni über den Sommer 2021 hinweg etwa 20 % der weltweiten Verbreitung der Delta-Variante aus.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Diese Untervariante wird für die Nachverfolgung der regionalen Verbreitung separat dargestellt und hat weitestgehend die gleichen Eigenschaften der Delta-Grundvariante B.1.617.2.<a href="#cite_note-PangoAY20210827-45">[45]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Untervariante_AY.4.2"> Untervariante AY.4.2</h4></div>

AY.4.2 alias B.1.617.2.4.2 ist eine Untervariante der Mitte 2021 weit verbreiteten Untervariante AY.4 der Delta-Variante B.1.617.2.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Sie enthält die Mutationen Y145H und A222V,<a href="#cite_note-HSAtb25-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-outbreakDeltaAY.4.2-48">[48]</a> die seit Beginn der Pandemie in verschiedenen anderen Varianten gefunden wurden. Die Position der Mutation Y145H ist innerhalb eines Bereichs des Spike-Proteins, der Antikörpern häufig zur Erkennung und der Neutralisation dient. Möglicherweise könnte diese Mutation dem Virus somit eine größere Fähigkeit geben, der Immunität zu entkommen.<a href="#cite_note-conv2021-10-25-43">[43]</a> Medien berichteten Mitte Oktober über die Verbreitung von AY.4.2 in Großbritannien,<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> sie sei von Experten erstmals Mitte Juli 2021 identifiziert worden. Es gebe keine Hinweise darauf, dass es durch diese Veränderungen wesentlich übertragbarer sei, dies werde von Experten weiter untersucht. Der Direktor des Genetics Institute des <a href="University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> Francois Balloux erklärte, es handele sich möglicherweise um einen geringfügig ansteckenderen Stamm. Es sei jedoch nichts im Vergleich zu dem, was wir bei den Varianten Alpha und Delta gesehen haben, die etwa 50 bis 60 Prozent übertragbarer waren als die jeweilige Vorgängervariante. Es sei wahrscheinlich, dass AY.4.2 bis zu 10 Prozent übertragbarer sei als die bisherige Delta-Variante.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>

Die <a href="UK_Health_Security_Agency" title="UK Health Security Agency">UK Health Security Agency</a> (UKHSA) benannte AY.4.2 am 20. Oktober als <a href="SARS-CoV-2#VUI" title="SARS-CoV-2">Variant under Investigation</a> mit VUI-21OCT-01. Mit Stand 29. Oktober 2021 sei kein signifikanter Unterschied der Impfstoffeffektivitäten, Hospitalisations- und Mortalitätsrate gegenüber der Delta-Variante zu erkennen, die Übertragbarkeit etwas erhöht.<a href="#cite_note-HSAtb27-51">[51]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sonstige_Untervarianten_AY.*"> Sonstige Untervarianten AY.*</h3></div>

Auch die Untervarianten AY.4 bis AY.* (alias B.1.617.2.*) der Variante Delta B.1.617.2 werden seit August 2021 nachträglich separat dargestellt.<a href="#cite_note-PangoAY20210813-52">[52]</a> Dies dient zunächst vorrangig der regionalen Nachverfolgung der Virenausbreitung<a href="#cite_note-CovLin_B.1.617.2-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-PangoAY20210827-45">[45]</a> mit zusätzlichen Mutationen des Spike-Proteins V70F, G142D, A222V, W258L, K417N, T572I, Q613H, A701S, T791I, A1078S, V1104L, D1153Y und V1264L.<a href="#cite_note-outbreakDeltaAY-54">[54]</a> Davon ist nur die Mutation K417N aus anderen relevanten Varianten (VOC und VOI) von der Variante Beta bekannt.<a href="#cite_note-outbreakDeltaAY-54">[54]</a> Bei der Delta-Variante tritt sie ausschließlich bei den Untervarianten AY.1 und AY.2 auf, die bis September 2021 kaum relevant waren.<a href="#cite_note-nextstrainDeltaGlob-55">[55]</a>

Eine unterschiedliche biologische Wirkung der Untervarianten konnte vorerst nicht festgestellt werden.<a href="#cite_note-PangoAY20210827-45">[45]</a> Bis November 2021 entwickelten sich mehr als 150 Untervarianten AY.*.<a href="#cite_note-CovLin_B.1.617.2-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-PangoAY20211101-56">[56]</a> In Europa bestimmte von Mai bis November 2021 die Obervariante B.1.617.2 mit den Untervarianten AY.4, deren Detaillierung AY.43 und AY.9 die Ausbreitung von Delta.<a href="#cite_note-nextstrainDelta-38">[38]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rekombinanten_aus_Delta_und_Omikron">Rekombinanten aus Delta und Omikron</h3></div>

Die Varianten XD<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a>, XF<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> und XS<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> sind Rekombinanten aus Untervarianten von Delta und <a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Omikron#Nomenklatur,_Untervarianten_und_Rekombinanten" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Omikron">Omikron</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Sie werden in den Medien oft als „Deltakron“, zum Teil auch „Deltamikron“<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> oder „Delmicron“ genannt. Eine Vorabstudie vom Januar 2022 analysierte das Auftreten der Kombinationen der zugehörigen wesentlichen Mutationen D614G, N501Y und P681R in der Vergangenheit. Danach traten diese zwar mehrfach auf, konnten sich jedoch nicht gegen die damals noch vorherrschende Variante Delta durchsetzen.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wirkung_von_Impfstoffen">Wirkung von Impfstoffen</h2></div>

Eine einmalige Impfung mit dem AstraZeneca-Impfstoff <a href="AZD1222" title="AZD1222">Vaxzevria</a> wie mit dem Biontech-Impfstoff <a href="Tozinameran" title="Tozinameran">Tozinameran</a> erwies sich als weniger wirksam zur Verhinderung eines schweren Verlaufs der COVID-19-Erkrankung als bei der in Europa im Mai 2021 noch vorherrschenden Variante <a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Alpha" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Alpha">Alpha</a> (B.1.1.7).<a href="#cite_note-indiatoday_24052021-63">[63]</a> Großbritannien und Nordirland verkürzten daher Mitte Mai 2021 das Impfintervall für über 50-Jährige von 12 auf 8 Wochen.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Nach Labor-Analysen des französischen <a href="Institut_Pasteur" title="Institut Pasteur">Institut Pasteur</a> habe eine einzelne Dosis des Impfstoffs von Biontech/Pfizer oder AstraZeneca eine kaum wahrnehmbare Wirkung gegen die Delta-Variante. Die gebildeten <a href="Antik%C3%B6rper" title="Antikörper">Antikörper</a> können die Viren der Delta-Variante kaum binden und unschädlich machen. Eine direkte Aussage auf die Immunantwort in der Realität ist damit noch nicht möglich.<a href="#cite_note-nature20210708-25">[25]</a>

Die Impfstoffe, die bisher in der EU zugelassen sind, scheinen auch bei Infektionen mit der Delta-Variante von SARS-CoV-2 gut vor einer <a href="COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19-Erkrankung</a> zu schützen, die <a href="Immunantwort" title="Immunantwort">Immunantwort</a> sei breit genug. Immunologe Georg Behrens von der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover äußerte, es sei denkbar, dass Impfungen einen immunologischen Druck auf das Virus ausüben können, „dann versucht es durch eine solche Mutation eben diesem Druck zu entkommen“. Die Impfstoffhersteller BioNTech/Pfizer gaben im Juli 2021 bekannt, neue Versionen ihres Impfstoffes zu entwickeln, die wirksamer gegen die Delta-Variante sein sollen.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a>

Impfungen verhindern auch bei der Delta-Variante <a href="Stille_Feiung" title="Stille Feiung">asymptomatische</a> Infektionen bis zu<a href="#cite_note-LanAnt20210901-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> und symptomatische in etwa der Hälfte der Fälle, v. a. bei über 60-Jährigen;<a href="#cite_note-LanAnt20210901-66">[66]</a> das Risiko von nötiger Krankenhaus-Einweisung wird v. a. bei über 60-Jährigen auf weniger als ein Fünftel reduziert.<a href="#cite_note-LanAnt20210901-66">[66]</a> Das Risiko, schwer krank zu werden oder zu sterben, sei laut US-Seuchenschutzbehörde <a href="Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">CDC</a> vom Juli 2021 für ungeimpfte Personen sogar mehr als zehnmal höher sei als für diejenigen, die geimpft wurden.<a href="#cite_note-cdcintern20210729-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Daten vom August 2021 aus Israel, dem Staat, der als einer der ersten die meisten Menschen impfen ließ, zeigten selbst in der Altersgruppe ab 50 Jahren, dass das Risiko für Geimpfte, schwer zu erkranken, mindestens fünfmal niedriger sei als für Ungeimpfte.<a href="#cite_note-coviddatascience-14">[14]</a>

Mit Durchsetzung der Virus-Variante Delta seien geimpfte Personen ähnlich ansteckend wie ungeimpfte, so die <a href="Weltgesundheitsorganisation" title="Weltgesundheitsorganisation">Weltgesundheitsorganisation</a> im August 2021.<a href="#cite_note-WHO20210824trans-15">[15]</a>

<div class="sieheauch" role="navigation" style="font-style:italic;">Siehe auch: <a href="COVID-19-Impfstoff#Impfstoffeffektivität" title="COVID-19-Impfstoff">Abschnitt „Effektivität der Impfstoffe“ in: COVID-19-Impfstoff</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verbreitung">Verbreitung</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deutschland">Deutschland</h3></div>

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</style><ul class="breadcrumb-nav-container breadcrumb-nav-bullet">

<li class="breadcrumb-nav-bullet-prefix">Diagrammvorlage:</li>

<li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Template_area.chart" class="extiw external" title="c:Data:Template area.chart">Definition</a> |</li>

<li>Hilfe</li></ul></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">Variante Delta in Deutschland – Anteile in % (mit Untervarianten AY.*)<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Siehe auch: <a href="SARS-CoV-2#Zeitliches_Verhalten_und_Ausbreitung" title="SARS-CoV-2">„Zeitliches Verhalten und Ausbreitung“ in „SARS-CoV-2“</a></div></div></div>

Ab Anfang Juni 2021 mussten nach positiven Tests zunächst zwei Gruppen einer Kindertagesstätte in <a href="Waiblingen" title="Waiblingen">Waiblingen</a> in Quarantäne, Mitte Juni 2021 waren es alle etwa 150 Kinder sowie 45 Mitarbeiter.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Lag in Deutschland der Anteil der Delta-Variante an allen Varianten in der ersten Mai-Woche 2021 noch bei 1,7 %, so waren es einen Monat später 10 %, Mitte Juni 43 %, zum Monatswechsel 72 % und Mitte Juli 2021 schon 91,4 %.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a>

Seit Mitte August 2021 hatte die Delta-Variante auch über den Oktober einen Anteil von über 99,8 % erreicht,<a href="#cite_note-RKI20211021-72">[72]</a> inklusive ihrer wesentlichen <a href="#Untervariante_AY.4">Untervarianten AY.4</a>, <a href="#Sonstige_Untervarianten_AY.*_alias_B.1.617.2.*">AY.43, AY.9 und weiterer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a>

<div class="sieheauch" role="navigation" style="font-style:italic;">Siehe auch: <a href="COVID-19-Pandemie_in_Deutschland" title="COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland">COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Untervariante_AY.3_2">Untervariante AY.3</h4></div>

In Deutschland berichtete das Robert Koch-Institut einen von Juni 2021 an schwankenden Anstieg der <a href="#Untervariante_AY.3_alias_B.1.617.2.3">Delta-Untervariante AY.3</a> auf 3,4 Prozent Mitte August.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Ab dem Wochenbericht Ende August 2021 stellt es AY.3 nicht mehr separat dar, sondern ordnet es der übergeordneten Delta-Linie zu, „da bis zum Beweis des Gegenteils davon ausgegangen werden muss, dass Sublinien die gleichen besorgniserregenden Eigenschaften besitzen wie die Varianten, von denen sie abstammen.“<a href="#cite_note-RKI20210826-6">[6]</a> Auch mit Detaillierung der Zuordnungen blieb AY.3 im Verlauf ohne weiteres Wachstum bis in den Herbst 2021 unter 0,5 % und damit ohne besondere Relevanz für das Infektionsgeschehen.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Großbritannien">Großbritannien</h3></div>

Später war sie für die Neuinfektionen in mehreren Städten Mittelenglands wie im Westlondoner Bezirk <a href="Hounslow" class="mw-redirect" title="Hounslow">Hounslow</a> sowie in der schottischen Großstadt <a href="Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> verantwortlich. In der in Mittelengland gelegenen Kleinstadt <a href="Bolton_(Greater_Manchester)" title="Bolton (Greater Manchester)">Bolton</a> verursachte die Variante Delta den Großteil der Neuinfektionen.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Mitte Juni teilte Gesundheitsminister <a href="Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a> mit, die Delta-Variante verursache 91 Prozent der Neuinfektionen.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Forschungsstand_im_Juni_und_Juli_2021">Forschungsstand im Juni und Juli 2021</h4></div>

Entsprechend dem Kenntnisstand der englischen Gesundheitsbehörde Public Health England (PHE) Anfang Juni 2021 könne die Delta-Variante häufiger zu schwereren <a href="COVID-19" title="COVID-19">Covid-19-Erkrankungen</a> führen als die die zunächst in Großbritannien entdeckte <a href="VOC-202012/01" class="mw-redirect" title="VOC-202012/01">Alpha-Variante</a> (B.1.1.7). Einige Regionen zeigten bereits einen Anstieg von Krankenhauseinlieferungen. Es gebe deutliche Hinweise darauf, dass die Delta-Variante viel <a href="Infektiosit%C3%A4t" title="Infektiosität">ansteckender</a> sei als die Variante Alpha. Die englische Gesundheitsbehörde ging auf Basis ihrer Analysen mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit von einer „substanziell erhöhten <a href="Wachstumsrate" title="Wachstumsrate">Wachstumsrate</a>“ aus.

Während zuvor Husten, Fieber, Geruchs- oder Geschmacksverlust als häufigste Symptome einer beginnenden COVID-19-Erkrankung galten, gehöre Fieber weiterhin dazu, doch trete der Verlust von Geruchs- und Geschmackssinn nun seltener auf, der bislang typisch für eine Corona-Erkrankung war. Bei der Delta-Variante könnten auch Symptome wie Kopfschmerzen, eine laufende Nase oder eine raue Kehle auftreten. Am häufigsten traten diese Symptome bei Probanden auf, die im Rahmen der „Zoe-Covid-Symptom-Studie“<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> des <a href="King%E2%80%99s_College_London" title="King’s College London">King’s College London</a> mit einer Smartphone-App überwacht wurden. An dieser nahmen Mitte Juni mehr als 4,5 Millionen Nutzer teil. Eine Auswertung der seit Anfang Mai 2021 gesammelten Daten zeigte, dass die häufigsten Symptome der App-Nutzer nicht mehr dieselben waren wie zuvor. „Covid verhält sich jetzt anders, eher wie eine schwere Erkältung“, stellte der Leiter der Studie Timothy Spector zusammenfassend fest. Er forderte jeden zu einem <a href="SARS-CoV-2#Nachweismethoden" title="SARS-CoV-2">Corona-Test</a> auf, der glaube, an COVID-19 erkrankt zu sein.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a>

<div class="sieheauch" role="navigation" style="font-style:italic;">Siehe auch: <a href="COVID-19-Pandemie_im_Vereinigten_K%C3%B6nigreich#Mai_2021" title="COVID-19-Pandemie im Vereinigten Königreich">Abschnitt „Mai 2021“ in: COVID-19-Pandemie im Vereinigten Königreich</a></div>

Delta war im Juli 2021 die dominierende Variante in den USA, die Zahl der täglichen Neuinfektionen hatte sich etwa verfünffacht,<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> erstmals seit Mitte Februar 2021 wurden über 100.000 Neuinfektionen an einem Tag registriert.

Der Leiter der Forschungsbehörde <a href="National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (NIH) <a href="Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis Collins</a> warnte vor einer Virus-Verbreitung nach den Sommerferien, wenn Millionen ungeimpfte Kinder in der Schule nicht zum Tragen von Masken verpflichtet würden.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Untervariante_AY.3_3">Untervariante AY.3</h4></div>

In Missouri und Mississippi liege Mitte August 2021 der Anteil der Mutation AY.3 an den Infektionen bei 43 und 45 Prozent, so die US-Seuchenschutzbehörde CDC,<a href="#cite_note-SpiegelAY.3-41">[41]</a> über die gesamten USA bei etwa 9 Prozent.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indien">Indien</h3></div>

Die Variante Delta wurde in Indien während einer heftigen Infektionswelle im April und Mai 2021 nachgewiesen. Mitte Mai war Delta bei der <a href="COVID-19-Pandemie_in_Indien" title="COVID-19-Pandemie in Indien">COVID-19-Pandemie in Indien</a> in Indien die vorherrschende Variante.<a href="#cite_note-indiatoday_24052021-63">[63]</a> Wissenschaftler unter anderem des nationalen indischen Zentrums für Krankheitskontrolle (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a> National Centre for Disease Control) in <a href="Neu_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neu Delhi">Neu Delhi</a>, gingen schon im Mai davon aus, dass die Übertragbarkeit der Delta-Variante um 50 Prozent höher sei als bei der Variante Alpha.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Es gab Hinweise auf eine verringerte Wirkung der Impfstoffe, dies ließ sich angesichts unterschiedlicher Rahmenbedingungen nicht sicher bestätigen.<a href="#cite_note-nature20210622-85">[85]</a>

<div class="sieheauch" role="navigation" style="font-style:italic;">Siehe auch: <a href="COVID-19-Pandemie_in_Indien#„Zweite_Welle“_ab_März_2021" title="COVID-19-Pandemie in Indien">Abschnitt „Zweite Welle ab März 2021“ in: COVID-19-Pandemie in Indien</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sonstige_Staaten">Sonstige Staaten</h3></div>

Dänemark gilt ähnlich wie Großbritannien als eine der Nationen, die einen hohen Anteil der COVID-Neuinfektionen darauf untersucht, welche COVID-Variante die Infektion verursachte.<a href="#cite_note-nature20210622-85">[85]</a>

Mitte Juni 2021 beschloss die portugiesische Regierung, die Hauptstadt <a href="Lissabon" title="Lissabon">Lissabon</a> über das gesamte darauffolgende Wochenende abzuriegeln. In Lissabon breite sich die Delta-Variante des Coronavirus relativ stark aus, sagte Präsidentschaftsministerin Mariana Vieira da Silva. Mit 928 neuen Infektionen binnen 24 Stunden verzeichnete Lissabon den höchsten Wert seit Mitte Februar 2021, das waren rund 75 % aller in Portugal registrierten Fälle.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a>

In Russlands Hauptstadt <a href="Moskau" title="Moskau">Moskau</a> wurde Mitte Juni 2021 ein Rekordwert bei den Neuinfektionen verzeichnet. Bürgermeister <a href="Sergei_Semjonowitsch_Sobjanin" title="Sergei Semjonowitsch Sobjanin">Sergei Sobjanin</a> sagte, dass fast 90 % der COVID-19-Erkrankungen auf Delta zurückzuführen seien. Mehrere russische Regionen hatten aufgrund der dramatischen Lage eine Impfpflicht für Angestellte vieler Berufsgruppen verhängt.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Anteil_von_Delta_in_Europa">Anteil von Delta in Europa</h4></div>

Von Juni bis August 2021 hatte sich die Delta-Variante in Europa fast vollständig durchgesetzt.

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</style></svg></wiki-chart></div><div class="dewiki-chart-info hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="align-self:end; width:fit-content; font-size:85%;"><ul class="breadcrumb-nav-container breadcrumb-nav-bullet">

<li class="breadcrumb-nav-bullet-prefix">Diagrammvorlage:</li>

<li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Template_line.chart" class="extiw external" title="c:Data:Template line.chart">Definition</a> |</li>

<li>Hilfe</li></ul></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption">Verbreitung Anteil Delta-Variante in ausgewählten europäischen Staaten im Jahr 2021 nach Kalenderwoche – Anteile in % (mit Untervarianten AY.*)<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></div></div></div>

<caption>Anteil Variante Delta am 6. September 2021 (gemittelt über zwei Wochen)<a href="#cite_note-owidAnteilDelta-5">[5]</a>

</caption>

<th>Staat

</th>

<th>Anteil Delta-Variante

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>Deutschland<a href="Deutschland" title="Deutschland"></a> Deutschland

</td>

<td>99,7 %

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Danemark<a href="D%C3%A4nemark" title="Dänemark"></a> Dänemark

</td>

<td>99,95 %

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Vereinigtes Konigreich<a href="Vereinigtes_K%C3%B6nigreich" title="Vereinigtes Königreich"></a> Großbritannien

</td>

<td>99,94 %

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Osterreich<a href="%C3%96sterreich" title="Österreich"></a> Österreich

</td>

<td>99,8 %

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Niederlande<a href="Niederlande" title="Niederlande"></a> Niederlande

</td>

<td>99,8 %

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Polen<a href="Polen" title="Polen"></a> Polen

</td>

<td>99,8 %

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Schweiz<a href="Schweiz" title="Schweiz"></a> Schweiz

</td>

<td>99,8 %

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Belgien<a href="Belgien" title="Belgien"></a> Belgien

</td>

<td>99,5 %

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Tschechien<a href="Tschechien" title="Tschechien"></a> Tschechien

</td>

<td>99,7 %

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Italien<a href="Italien" title="Italien"></a> Italien

</td>

<td>99,7 %

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Frankreich<a href="Frankreich" title="Frankreich"></a> Frankreich

</td>

<td>99,1 %

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Spanien<a href="Spanien" title="Spanien"></a> Spanien

</td>

<td>99,0 %

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="sieheauch" role="navigation" style="font-style:italic;">Siehe auch: <a href="COVID-19-Pandemie_in_Europa" title="COVID-19-Pandemie in Europa">COVID-19-Pandemie in Europa</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>

<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"></div><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:SARS-CoV-2?uselang=de">Commons: SARS-CoV-2</a> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107005641/https://cov-lineages.org/global_report_B.1.617.2.html">B.1.617.2 – Description.</a> In: cov-lineages.org. 6. Januar 2022, archiviert vom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">

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</style><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcov-lineages.org%2Fglobal_report_B.1.617.2.html">Original</a> am 7. Januar 2022; abgerufen am 7. Januar 2022 (englisch, Komplett-Überblick Variante Delta).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=B.1.617.2+%E2%80%93+Description&rft.description=B.1.617.2+%E2%80%93+Description&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20220107005641%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fcov-lineages.org%2Fglobal_report_B.1.617.2.html&rft.date=2022-01-06&rft.source=https://cov-lineages.org/global_report_B.1.617.2.html&rft.language=en"> </li>

<li>Public Health England (PHE): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/991135/3_June_2021_Risk_assessment_for_SARS-CoV-2_variant_DELTA.pdf">June 2021 Risk assessment for SARS-CoV-2 variant: Delta (VOC-21APR-02, B.1.617.2).</a> (PDF) gov.uk, 3. Juni 2021, abgerufen am 2. September 2021 (englisch, Risikoeinschätzung zur Delta-Variante. PHE ist im Vereinigten Königreich das Pendant zum RKI).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=June+2021+Risk+assessment+for+SARS-CoV-2+variant%3A+Delta+%28VOC-21APR-02%2C+B.1.617.2%29&rft.description=June+2021+Risk+assessment+for+SARS-CoV-2+variant%3A+Delta+%28VOC-21APR-02%2C+B.1.617.2%29&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F991135%2F3_June_2021_Risk_assessment_for_SARS-CoV-2_variant_DELTA.pdf&rft.creator=Public+Health+England+%28PHE%29&rft.publisher=gov.uk&rft.date=2021-06-03&rft.language=en"> </li>

<li><a href="Kai_Kupferschmidt" title="Kai Kupferschmidt">Kai Kupferschmidt</a> in <a href="Science" title="Science">Science</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/news/2021/08/new-sars-cov-2-variants-have-changed-pandemic-what-will-virus-do-next">Evolving threat – New variants have changed the face of the pandemic. What will the virus do next?</a> science.org, 19. August 2021, abgerufen am 30. August 2021 (englisch, Ausblick auf die weitere Entwicklung des Virus').<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Evolving+threat+%E2%80%93+New+variants+have+changed+the+face+of+the+pandemic.+What+will+the+virus+do+next%3F&rft.description=Evolving+threat+%E2%80%93+New+variants+have+changed+the+face+of+the+pandemic.+What+will+the+virus+do+next%3F&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fnews%2F2021%2F08%2Fnew-sars-cov-2-variants-have-changed-pandemic-what-will-virus-do-next&rft.creator=%5B%5BKai+Kupferschmidt%5D%5D+in+%5B%5BScience%5D%5D&rft.publisher=science.org&rft.date=2021-08-19&rft.language=en"> </li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outbreak.info/situation-reports/delta?selected=DEU&loc=DEU&overlay=false">Germany Mutation Report.</a> outbreak.info, abgerufen am 2. September 2021 (englisch, Aktuelle Nachverfolgung Delta-Variante in Deutschland).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Germany+Mutation+Report&rft.description=Germany+Mutation+Report&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Foutbreak.info%2Fsituation-reports%2Fdelta%3Fselected%3DDEU%26loc%3DDEU%26overlay%3Dfalse&rft.publisher=outbreak.info&rft.language=en"> </li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-whoEpi20210601-1">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-whoEpi20210601_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoEpi20210601_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoEpi20210601_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoEpi20210601_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoEpi20210601_1-4">e</a> <a href="WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20210601_weekly_epi_update_42.pdf">COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update Edition 42, published 1 June 2021.</a> (PDF) who.int, 1. Juni 2021, S. 5, abgerufen am 5. September 2021 (englisch): „WHO label […] Delta B.1.617.2 […] Earliest documented samples […] India, Oct-2020 […] VOI: 4-Apr-2021, VOC: 11-May-2021“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=COVID-19+Weekly+Epidemiological+Update+Edition+42%2C+published+1+June+2021&rft.description=COVID-19+Weekly+Epidemiological+Update+Edition+42%2C+published+1+June+2021&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdocs%2Fdefault-source%2Fcoronaviruse%2Fsituation-reports%2F20210601_weekly_epi_update_42.pdf&rft.creator=%5B%5BWHO%5D%5D&rft.publisher=who.int&rft.date=2021-06-01&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-nature20210906-2"><a href="#cite_ref-nature20210906_2-0">↑</a> Mlcochova, P. et al. in <a href="Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03944-y_reference.pdf">SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion.</a> (PDF; 19,5 MB) nature.com, 6. September 2021, abgerufen am 7. September 2021 (englisch, has been accepted for publication): „B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and spread throughout India, outcompeting pre-existing lineages including B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha). In vitro, B.1.617.2 is 6-fold less sensitive to serum neutralising antibodies from recovered individuals, and 8-fold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies as compared to wild type (WT) Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. […] Additionally we observed that B.1.617.2 had higher replication and spike mediated entry as compared to B.1.617.1, potentially explaining B.1.617.2 dominance.“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=SARS-CoV-2+B.1.617.2+Delta+variant+replication+and+immune+evasion&rft.description=SARS-CoV-2+B.1.617.2+Delta+variant+replication+and+immune+evasion&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41586-021-03944-y_reference.pdf&rft.creator=Mlcochova%2C+P.+et+al.+in+%5B%5BNature%5D%5D&rft.publisher=nature.com&rft.date=2021-09-06&rft.language=en">  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03944-y" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03944-y">doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03944-y</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34488225?dopt=Abstract">PMID 34488225</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-joi20210805-3"><a href="#cite_ref-joi20210805_3-0">↑</a> Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj et al. in <a href="Journal_of_Infection" title="Journal of Infection">Journal of Infection</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-4453(21)00387-X/pdf">Predominance of delta variant among the COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, India, May 2021.</a> (PDF; 470 kB) journalofinfection.com, 5. August 2021, abgerufen am 7. September 2021 (englisch, article in press): „India experienced a severe secod wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the months of April and May 2021. […] During the course of second wave in India, Delta B.1.617.2 variant emerged as the major sub-lineage among variants that also included B1617.1, B.617.3 and B.1.1.7. […] The study findings indicate that the prevalence of B.1.617.2 was not different between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups.“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Predominance+of+delta+variant+among+the+COVID-19+vaccinated+and+unvaccinated+individuals%2C+India%2C+May+2021&rft.description=Predominance+of+delta+variant+among+the+COVID-19+vaccinated+and+unvaccinated+individuals%2C+India%2C+May+2021&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journalofinfection.com%2Farticle%2FS0163-4453%2821%2900387-X%2Fpdf&rft.creator=Jeromie+Wesley+Vivian+Thangaraj+et+al.+in+%5B%5BJournal+of+Infection%5D%5D&rft.publisher=journalofinfection.com&rft.date=2021-08-05&rft.language=en">  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.006" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.006">doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.006</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34364949?dopt=Abstract">PMID 34364949</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8343391/">PMC 8343391</a> (freier Volltext)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <a href="WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-8th-meeting-of-the-ihr-emergency-committee-on-covid-19-14-july-2021">WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the 8th meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee on COVID-19 – 14 July 2021.</a> who.int, 14. Juli 2021, abgerufen am 6. September 2021 (englisch): „The Delta variant is now in more than 111 countries and we expect it to soon be the dominant COVID-19 strain circulating worldwide, if it isn’t already. The Delta variant is one of the main drivers of the current increase in transmission, fuelled by increased social mixing and mobility, and inconsistent use of proven public health and social measures. At the same time, we continue to see a shocking disparity in the global distribution of vaccines, and unequal access to life-saving tools.“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=WHO+Director-General%27s+opening+remarks+at+the+8th+meeting+of+the+IHR+Emergency+Committee+on+COVID-19+%E2%80%93+14+July+2021&rft.description=WHO+Director-General%27s+opening+remarks+at+the+8th+meeting+of+the+IHR+Emergency+Committee+on+COVID-19+%E2%80%93+14+July+2021&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdirector-general%2Fspeeches%2Fdetail%2Fwho-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-8th-meeting-of-the-ihr-emergency-committee-on-covid-19-14-july-2021&rft.creator=%5B%5BWHO%5D%5D&rft.publisher=who.int&rft.date=2021-07-14&rft.language=en">

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<li id="cite_note-owidAnteilDelta-5">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-owidAnteilDelta_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-owidAnteilDelta_5-1">b</a> <a href="Our_World_in_Data" title="Our World in Data">Our World in Data</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/explorers/coronavirus-data-explorer?zoomToSelection=true&time=2021-04-21..latest&facet=none&pickerSort=desc&pickerMetric=location&Metric=Delta+variant+(share)&Interval=7-day+rolling+average&Relative+to+Population=true&Align+outbreaks=false&country=GBR~DEU~AUT~BEL~FRA~ITA~POL~CHE~DNK~NLD~CZE~ESP">Share of SARS-CoV-2 sequences that are the delta variant.</a> In: COVID-19 Data Explorer. ourworldindata.org, 15. Oktober 2021, abgerufen am 21. Oktober 2021 (englisch, Delta variant's share of total analyzed sequences in the last two weeks / GISAID / <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://covariants.org/">https://covariants.org/</a>).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Share+of+SARS-CoV-2+sequences+that+are+the+delta+variant&rft.description=Share+of+SARS-CoV-2+sequences+that+are+the+delta+variant&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fexplorers%2Fcoronavirus-data-explorer%3FzoomToSelection%3Dtrue%26time%3D2021-04-21..latest%26facet%3Dnone%26pickerSort%3Ddesc%26pickerMetric%3Dlocation%26Metric%3DDelta%2Bvariant%2B%2528share%2529%26Interval%3D7-day%2Brolling%2Baverage%26Relative%2Bto%2BPopulation%3Dtrue%26Align%2Boutbreaks%3Dfalse%26country%3DGBR%7EDEU%7EAUT%7EBEL%7EFRA%7EITA%7EPOL%7ECHE%7EDNK%7ENLD%7ECZE%7EESP&rft.creator=%5B%5BOur+World+in+Data%5D%5D&rft.publisher=ourworldindata.org&rft.date=2021-10-15&rft.language=en">

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<li id="cite_note-RKI20210826-6">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-RKI20210826_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RKI20210826_6-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/N/Neuartiges_Coronavirus/Situationsberichte/Wochenbericht/Wochenberichte_Tab.html">Wöchentlicher Lagebericht des RKI zur Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019 (COVID-19) 26.08.2021.</a> In: Wochenberichte zu COVID-19. rki.de, 26. August 2021, S. 25, abgerufen am 27. August 2021.<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=W%C3%B6chentlicher+Lagebericht+des+RKI+zur+Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019+%28COVID-19%29+26.08.2021&rft.description=W%C3%B6chentlicher+Lagebericht+des+RKI+zur+Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019+%28COVID-19%29+26.08.2021&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rki.de%2FDE%2FContent%2FInfAZ%2FN%2FNeuartiges_Coronavirus%2FSituationsberichte%2FWochenbericht%2FWochenberichte_Tab.html&rft.publisher=rki.de&rft.date=2021-08-26">

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<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/N/Neuartiges_Coronavirus/Daten/VOC_VOI_Tabelle.html">https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/N/Neuartiges_Coronavirus/Daten/VOC_VOI_Tabelle.html</a>

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<li id="cite_note-lancet20210721-8">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-lancet20210721_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lancet20210721_8-1">b</a> Talha Khan Burki: Lifting of COVID-19 restrictions in the UK and the Delta variant. In: The Lancet. 12. Juli 2021, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00328-3" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00328-3">doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00328-3</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(21)00328-3/fulltext">online</a>). Zitat: “The reproductive number (R0) for the original strain of SARS-CoV-2 is roughly 2.5. The Alpha variant (B.1.1.7), which was previously dominant in the UK, is around 60 % more transmissible than the parental virus. The Delta variant is roughly 60 % more transmissible than the Alpha variant, which translates to an R0 of nearly 7.”

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/prevalence-of-covid-19s-delta-variant-among-specimens-sequenced-over-past-4-weeks-exceeded-75-who/article35462051.ece">Die Prävalenz der Delta-Variante von COVID-19 bei Proben, die in den letzten 4 Wochen sequenziert wurden, überstieg 75 %: WHO.</a> In: <a href="The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 22. Juli 2021, abgerufen am 1. Oktober 2021 (Übersetzung unterstützt von Google-Chrome).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Die+Pr%C3%A4valenz+der+Delta-Variante+von+COVID-19+bei+Proben%2C+die+in+den+letzten+4+Wochen+sequenziert+wurden%2C+%C3%BCberstieg+75+%25%3A+WHO&rft.description=Die+Pr%C3%A4valenz+der+Delta-Variante+von+COVID-19+bei+Proben%2C+die+in+den+letzten+4+Wochen+sequenziert+wurden%2C+%C3%BCberstieg+75+%25%3A+WHO&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fprevalence-of-covid-19s-delta-variant-among-specimens-sequenced-over-past-4-weeks-exceeded-75-who%2Farticle35462051.ece&rft.date=2021-07-22">

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<li id="cite_note-who20210720-10">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-who20210720_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-who20210720_10-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---20-july-2021">Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 - 20 July 2021.</a> who.int, 20. Juli 2021, S. 6, abgerufen am 6. August 2021 (englisch): „A recent study from China during an outbreak of the Delta variant examined the time interval from the exposure of a quarantined population to the first positive PCR result and found that the interval may be shorter for the Delta variant when compared to non-VOCs [4 (IQR 3.00-5.00) days compared to 6 (IQR 5.00 to 8.00) days, respectively]. Moreover, the viral load of the first positive test of Delta infection was over 1200 times higher than non-VOCs, suggesting that this VOC may be able to replicate faster and be more infectious during the early stages of infection.“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Weekly+epidemiological+update+on+COVID-19+-+20+July+2021&rft.description=Weekly+epidemiological+update+on+COVID-19+-+20+July+2021&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fpublications%2Fm%2Fitem%2Fweekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---20-july-2021&rft.publisher=who.int&rft.date=2021-07-20&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> Katherine A Twohig et al.: <cite style="font-style:italic">Hospital admission and emergency care attendance risk for SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) compared with alpha (B.1.1.7) variants of concern: a cohort study</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">The Lancet, Infectious Diseases</cite>. <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099%2821%2900475-8">10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00475-8</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34461056?dopt=Abstract">PMID 34461056</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8397301/">PMC 8397301</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:SARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.atitle=Hospital+admission+and+emergency+care+attendance+risk+for+SARS-CoV-2+delta+%28B.1.617.2%29+compared+with+alpha+%28B.1.1.7%29+variants+of+concern%3A+a+cohort+study&rft.au=Katherine+A+Twohig+et+al.&rft.btitle=The+Lancet%2C+Infectious+Diseases&rft.doi=10.1016%2FS1473-3099%2821%2900475-8&rft.genre=book&rft.pmc=8397301&rft.pmid=34461056" style="display:none">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-cdc20210813-12"><a href="#cite_ref-cdc20210813_12-0">↑</a> Heather Scobie, <a href="Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">CDC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/slides-2021-08-13/04-COVID-Scobie-508.pdf">VE against Infection and Hospitalization July vs. Jan–May.</a> (PDF) In: Update on Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants and COVID-19 vaccines. cdc.gov/coronavirus, 13. August 2021, S. 19, abgerufen am 28. August 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=VE+against+Infection+and+Hospitalization+July+vs.+Jan%E2%80%93May&rft.description=VE+against+Infection+and+Hospitalization+July+vs.+Jan%E2%80%93May&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fvaccines%2Facip%2Fmeetings%2Fdownloads%2Fslides-2021-08-13%2F04-COVID-Scobie-508.pdf&rft.creator=Heather+Scobie%2C+%5B%5BCenters+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%7CCDC%5D%5D&rft.publisher=cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus&rft.date=2021-08-13&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-cdcintern20210729-13">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-cdcintern20210729_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cdcintern20210729_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cdcintern20210729_13-2">c</a> Meredith McMorrow, internes CDC-Dokument: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://context-cdn.washingtonpost.com/notes/prod/default/documents/8a726408-07bd-46bd-a945-3af0ae2f3c37/note/57c98604-3b54-44f0-8b44-b148d8f75165.">CDC-Dokument im Original: Improving communications around vaccine breakthrough and vaccine effectiveness.</a> (PDF) Read: Internal CDC document on breakthrough infections. In: Washington Post, 30. Juli 2021, Echtheit bestätigt durch CDC (Reuters). 29. Juli 2021, S. 15, 22, abgerufen am 6. September 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=CDC-Dokument+im+Original%3A+Improving+communications+around+vaccine+breakthrough+and+vaccine+effectiveness&rft.description=CDC-Dokument+im+Original%3A+Improving+communications+around+vaccine+breakthrough+and+vaccine+effectiveness&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fcontext-cdn.washingtonpost.com%2Fnotes%2Fprod%2Fdefault%2Fdocuments%2F8a726408-07bd-46bd-a945-3af0ae2f3c37%2Fnote%2F57c98604-3b54-44f0-8b44-b148d8f75165.&rft.creator=Meredith+McMorrow%2C+internes+CDC-Dokument&rft.date=2021-07-29&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-coviddatascience-14">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-coviddatascience_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coviddatascience_14-1">b</a> Jeffrey Morris: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.covid-datascience.com/post/israeli-data-how-can-efficacy-vs-severe-disease-be-strong-when-60-of-hospitalized-are-vaccinated">Israeli data: How can efficacy vs. severe disease be strong when 60 % of hospitalized are vaccinated?</a> covid-datascience.com, 17. August 2021, abgerufen am 26. August 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Israeli+data%3A+How+can+efficacy+vs.+severe+disease+be+strong+when+60+%25+of+hospitalized+are+vaccinated%3F&rft.description=Israeli+data%3A+How+can+efficacy+vs.+severe+disease+be+strong+when+60+%25+of+hospitalized+are+vaccinated%3F&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.covid-datascience.com%2Fpost%2Fisraeli-data-how-can-efficacy-vs-severe-disease-be-strong-when-60-of-hospitalized-are-vaccinated&rft.creator=Jeffrey+Morris&rft.publisher=covid-datascience.com&rft.date=2021-08-17&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-WHO20210824trans-15">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-WHO20210824trans_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO20210824trans_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WHO20210824trans_15-2">c</a> <a href="WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/weekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---24-august-2021">Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19 – 24 August 2021 (Edition 54).</a> In: Publications/Overview. who.int, 24. August 2021, S. 6, abgerufen am 29. August 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Weekly+epidemiological+update+on+COVID-19+%E2%80%93+24+August+2021+%28Edition+54%29&rft.description=Weekly+epidemiological+update+on+COVID-19+%E2%80%93+24+August+2021+%28Edition+54%29&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fpublications%2Fm%2Fitem%2Fweekly-epidemiological-update-on-covid-19---24-august-2021&rft.creator=%5B%5BWHO%5D%5D&rft.publisher=who.int&rft.date=2021-08-24&rft.language=en">  (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20210824_weekly_epi_update_54.pdf?sfvrsn=7356167a_7&download=true">PDF</a>) “Table 2: Summary of phenotypic impacts of Variants of Concern, Delta: […] Transmissibility: Increased transmissibility and secondary attack rate, Similar transmissibility between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.” (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.24.2100509">F. Campbell et al., 2021</a>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.31.21261387" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1101/2021.07.31.21261387">doi:10.1101/2021.07.31.21261387</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.07.21260122" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1101/2021.07.07.21260122">doi:10.1101/2021.07.07.21260122</a>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7031e2" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7031e2">doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7031e2</a>)

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/">Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants.</a> <a href="Weltgesundheitsorganisation" title="Weltgesundheitsorganisation">WHO</a>, 7. Juni 2022, abgerufen am 7. Juni 2022 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Tracking+SARS-CoV-2+variants&rft.description=Tracking+SARS-CoV-2+variants&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fen%2Factivities%2Ftracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants%2F&rft.publisher=%5B%5BWeltgesundheitsorganisation%7CWHO%5D%5D&rft.date=2022-06-07&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-whoEpi20210509-17"><a href="#cite_ref-whoEpi20210509_17-0">↑</a> <a href="WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20210511_weekly_epi_update_39.pdf">COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update Edition 39.</a> (PDF) Data as received by WHO from national authorities, as of 9 May 2021. who.int, 9. Mai 2021, S. 4 f., abgerufen am 5. September 2021 (englisch): „B.1.617.2 […] Number of lineage-defining spike mutations* […] 8 […] Characteristic spike mutations* […] T19R, G142D, del157/158, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N […] *Mutations found in >60% of sequences […] A structural analysis of B.1.617 receptor binding domain (RBD) mutations (L452R and E484Q, along with P681R in the furin cleavage site) suggest that mutations in these variants may result in increased ACE2 binding and rate of S1-S2 cleavage resulting in better transmissibility, and possibly capacity to escape binding and neutralization by some monoclonal antibodies.“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=COVID-19+Weekly+Epidemiological+Update+Edition+39&rft.description=COVID-19+Weekly+Epidemiological+Update+Edition+39&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fdocs%2Fdefault-source%2Fcoronaviruse%2Fsituation-reports%2F20210511_weekly_epi_update_39.pdf&rft.creator=%5B%5BWHO%5D%5D&rft.publisher=who.int&rft.date=2021-05-09&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <a href="Europ%C3%A4isches_Zentrum_f%C3%BCr_die_Pr%C3%A4vention_und_die_Kontrolle_von_Krankheiten" title="Europäisches Zentrum für die Prävention und die Kontrolle von Krankheiten">ECDC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern">SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern as of 6 September 2021.</a> In: COVID-19/Situation updates on COVID-19/Variants of concern. ecdc.europa.eu, 6. September 2021, abgerufen am 6. September 2021 (englisch): „Spike mutations of interest: not all spike protein amino acid changes are included – this is not a full reference for assignment of the variants. It includes changes to spike protein residues 319-541 (receptor binding domain) and 613-705 (the S1 part of the S1/S2 junction and a small stretch on the S2 side), and any additional unusual changes specific to the variant. […] Delta B.1.617.2 […] Spike mutations of interest […] L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=SARS-CoV-2+variants+of+concern+as+of+6+September+2021&rft.description=SARS-CoV-2+variants+of+concern+as+of+6+September+2021&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecdc.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fcovid-19%2Fvariants-concern&rft.creator=%5B%5BEurop%C3%A4isches+Zentrum+f%C3%BCr+die+Pr%C3%A4vention+und+die+Kontrolle+von+Krankheiten%7CECDC%5D%5D&rft.publisher=ecdc.europa.eu&rft.date=2021-09-06&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> Tzou, P.L. et al., <a href="Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://covdb.stanford.edu/page/mutation-viewer/">SARS-CoV-2 Variants.</a> Variants genome viewer. In: Coronavirus Antiviral Research Database (CoV-RDB), Resistance Database. stanford.edu, 7. September 2021, abgerufen am 9. September 2021 (englisch, B.1.617.2, Outbreak.info B.1.617.2 Lineage Report).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=SARS-CoV-2+Variants&rft.description=SARS-CoV-2+Variants&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fcovdb.stanford.edu%2Fpage%2Fmutation-viewer%2F&rft.creator=Tzou%2C+P.L.+et+al.%2C+%5B%5BStanford+University%5D%5D&rft.publisher=stanford.edu&rft.date=2021-09-07&rft.language=en">  <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/v12091006" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.3390/v12091006">doi:10.3390/v12091006</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> Lineage Comparison. Alaa Abdel Latifet al. and the Center for Viral Systems Biology: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outbreak.info/compare-lineages?pango=Alpha&pango=Beta&pango=Gamma&pango=Kappa&pango=B.1.617.2&pango=Delta&pango=B.1.617.3&gene=S&threshold=75&dark=true">SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV-19) Mutation Reports – Lineage Comparison – Mutation prevalence across lineages.</a> In: outbreak.info. Abgerufen am 8. September 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=SARS-CoV-2+%28hCoV-19%29+Mutation+Reports+%E2%80%93+Lineage+Comparison+%E2%80%93+Mutation+prevalence+across+lineages&rft.description=SARS-CoV-2+%28hCoV-19%29+Mutation+Reports+%E2%80%93+Lineage+Comparison+%E2%80%93+Mutation+prevalence+across+lineages&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Foutbreak.info%2Fcompare-lineages%3Fpango%3DAlpha%26pango%3DBeta%26pango%3DGamma%26pango%3DKappa%26pango%3DB.1.617.2%26pango%3DDelta%26pango%3DB.1.617.3%26gene%3DS%26threshold%3D75%26dark%3Dtrue&rft.creator=Lineage+Comparison.+Alaa+Abdel+Latifet+al.+and+the+Center+for+Viral+Systems+Biology&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> Yixuan J. Hou et al.: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant exhibits efficient replication ex vivo and transmission in vivo</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic"><a href="Science" title="Science">Science</a></cite>. Band 370, Nr. 6523, 18. Dezember 2020, S. 1464–1468, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe8499">10.1126/science.abe8499</a> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abe8499">science.org</a> [abgerufen am 6. September 2021]): “The spike aspartic acid–614 to glycine (D614G) substitution […] We engineered a SARS-CoV-2 variant containing this substitution. The variant exhibits more efficient infection, replication, and competitive fitness in primary human airway epithelial cells […] data show that the D614G substitution enhances SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, competitive fitness, and transmission in primary human cells and animal models.”<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:SARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.atitle=SARS-CoV-2+D614G+variant+exhibits+efficient+replication+ex+vivo+and+transmission+in+vivo&rft.au=Yixuan+J.+Hou+et+al.&rft.date=2020-12-18&rft.doi=10.1126%2Fscience.abe8499&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=6523&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=1464-1468&rft.volume=370" style="display:none">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> Theo Dingermann: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/p681r-mutation-verbessert-fitness-der-delta-variante-127443">P681R-Mutation verbessert Fitness der Delta-Variante.</a> In: Medizin/Coronavirus. pharmazeutische-zeitung.de, 16. August 2021, abgerufen am 6. September 2021: „Mutation P681R ganz in der Nähe der Furin-Spaltstelle, die die Untereinheiten Spike 1 (S1) und S2 trennt. […] Delta-P681R-Mutation die Effizienz der Spaltung des Spike-Proteins in S1 und S2 so stark erhöht, dass das Virus nun deutlich besser eine Zelle infizieren kann. […] Während bei der Delta-Variante im Vergleich zum Wildtyp-Virus ein Prolin in ein Arginin umgewandelt ist (P681R), ist bei der Alpha-Variante an der gleichen Stelle ein Prolin in ein Histidin überführt (P681H). Zwar ist die Alpha-Variante ebenfalls fitter als das ursprüngliche Wildtypvirus. Allerdings erweist sich die P681H-Mutation in der Alpha-Variante bei weitem nicht so replikationssteigernd wie die P681R-Mutation in der Delta-Varianten.“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=P681R-Mutation+verbessert+Fitness+der+Delta-Variante&rft.description=P681R-Mutation+verbessert+Fitness+der+Delta-Variante&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de%2Fp681r-mutation-verbessert-fitness-der-delta-variante-127443&rft.creator=Theo+Dingermann&rft.publisher=pharmazeutische-zeitung.de&rft.date=2021-08-16">  s. a. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.12.456173" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1101/2021.08.12.456173">doi:10.1101/2021.08.12.456173</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-nature20210708l452r-23"><a href="#cite_ref-nature20210708l452r_23-0">↑</a> Delphine Planas et al.: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta to antibody neutralization</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic"><a href="Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></cite>. Vol 596, 8. Juli 2021, S. 276–280, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03777-9">10.1038/s41586-021-03777-9</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34237773?dopt=Abstract">PMID 34237773</a> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03777-9.pdf">nature.com</a> [PDF; 6,7 MB; abgerufen am 8. September 2021]): “For example, the L452R mutation found in the Delta variant impairs neutralization by antibodies […] Bamlanivimab lost antiviral activity against the Delta variant, in line with previous results that showed that L452R is an escape mutation for this antibody”<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:SARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.atitle=Reduced+sensitivity+of+SARS-CoV-2+variant+Delta+to+antibody+neutralization&rft.au=Delphine+Planas+et+al.&rft.btitle=Nature&rft.date=2021-07-08&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-021-03777-9&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=276-280&rft.pmid=34237773&rft.volume=Vol+596" style="display:none">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> Vipul Kumar et al.: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Possible Link between Higher Transmissibility of Alpha, Kappa and Delta Variants of SARS-CoV-2 and Increased Structural Stability of Its Spike Protein and hACE2 Affinity</cite>. In: <a href="MDPI" title="MDPI">MDPI</a> (Hrsg.): <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">International Journal of Molecular Sciences</cite>. Band 22, Nr. 17, 24. August 2021, 9131, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179131">10.3390/ijms22179131</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34502041?dopt=Abstract">PMID 34502041</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8431609/">PMC 8431609</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/17/9131/pdf">mdpi.com</a> [PDF; 3,7 MB; abgerufen am 8. September 2021]): “The loss of E484Q mutation and gain of T478K in the B.1.617.2 lineage directly correlated with increase in the positivity rate”<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:SARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.atitle=Possible+Link+between+Higher+Transmissibility+of+Alpha%2C+Kappa+and+Delta+Variants+of+SARS-CoV-2+and+Increased+Structural+Stability+of+Its+Spike+Protein+and+hACE2+Affinity&rft.au=Vipul+Kumar+et+al.&rft.date=2021-08-24&rft.doi=10.3390%2Fijms22179131&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=17&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Molecular+Sciences&rft.pmc=8431609&rft.pmid=34502041&rft.volume=22" style="display:none">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-nature20210708-25">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-nature20210708_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nature20210708_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nature20210708_25-2">c</a> Delphine Planas et al.: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Reduced sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 variant Delta to antibody neutralization</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic"><a href="Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></cite>. Vol 596, 8. Juli 2021, S. 276–280, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03777-9">10.1038/s41586-021-03777-9</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34237773?dopt=Abstract">PMID 34237773</a> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03777-9.pdf">nature.com</a> [PDF; 6,7 MB; abgerufen am 8. September 2021]): “The Delta variant was resistant to neutralization by some anti-NTD and anti-RBD monoclonal antibodies […] and these antibodies showed impaired binding to the spike protein. Sera collected from convalescent individuals […] were fourfold less potent against the Delta variant relative to the Alpha […] individuals who had received […] Pfizer or the AstraZeneca vaccine […] Administration of two doses of the vaccine generated a neutralizing response in 95 % of individuals, with titres three- to fivefold lower against the Delta variant than against the Alpha variant. Thus, the spread of the Delta variant is associated with an escape from antibodies […] Whether the absence of E484Q, the presence of T478K or other changes in the spike protein or elsewhere may facilitate viral replication and transmissibility remains unknown. […] The T478K mutation in the RBD is unique to the Delta variant and falls within the epitope region of potent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies categorized as ‘Class 1’. This mutation is close to the E484K mutation that facilitates antibody escape”<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:SARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.atitle=Reduced+sensitivity+of+SARS-CoV-2+variant+Delta+to+antibody+neutralization&rft.au=Delphine+Planas+et+al.&rft.btitle=Nature&rft.date=2021-07-08&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-021-03777-9&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=276-280&rft.pmid=34237773&rft.volume=Vol+596" style="display:none">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-outbreak1617uv-26"><a href="#cite_ref-outbreak1617uv_26-0">↑</a> Lineage Comparison. Alaa Abdel Latifet al. and the Center for Viral Systems Biology: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outbreak.info/compare-lineages?pango=B.1.617&pango=Kappa&pango=Delta&pango=B.1.617.3&gene=S&threshold=75&dark=true">SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV-19) Mutation Reports - Mutation prevalence across lineages.</a> In: outbreak.info. Abgerufen am 8. September 2021 (englisch, B.1.617, Kappa (B.1.617.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), B.1.617.3).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=SARS-CoV-2+%28hCoV-19%29+Mutation+Reports+-+Mutation+prevalence+across+lineages&rft.description=SARS-CoV-2+%28hCoV-19%29+Mutation+Reports+-+Mutation+prevalence+across+lineages&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Foutbreak.info%2Fcompare-lineages%3Fpango%3DB.1.617%26pango%3DKappa%26pango%3DDelta%26pango%3DB.1.617.3%26gene%3DS%26threshold%3D75%26dark%3Dtrue&rft.creator=Lineage+Comparison.+Alaa+Abdel+Latifet+al.+and+the+Center+for+Viral+Systems+Biology&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> Sarah Cherian et al. in microorganisms: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">SARS-CoV-2 Spike Mutations, L452R, T478K, E484Q and P681R, in the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Maharashtra, India</cite>. In: <a href="MDPI" title="MDPI">MDPI</a> (Hrsg.): <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Journals, Microorganisms,</cite>. Band 9, Nr. 7, 20. Juli 2021, 1542, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071542">10.3390/microorganisms9071542</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34361977?dopt=Abstract">PMID 34361977</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8307577/">PMC 8307577</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/7/1542/pdf">mdpi.com</a> [PDF; 2,7 MB; abgerufen am 8. September 2021]): “The mutations L452R and E484Q within the RBD were specific to lineage B.1.617.1 and B.1.617.3 while L452R and T478K were specific to lineage B.1.617.2”<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:SARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.atitle=SARS-CoV-2+Spike+Mutations%2C+L452R%2C+T478K%2C+E484Q+and+P681R%2C+in+the+Second+Wave+of+COVID-19+in+Maharashtra%2C+India&rft.au=Sarah+Cherian+et+al.+in+microorganisms&rft.date=2021-07-20&rft.doi=10.3390%2Fmicroorganisms9071542&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Journals%2C+Microorganisms%2C&rft.pmc=8307577&rft.pmid=34361977&rft.volume=9" style="display:none">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <a href="WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants">Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants; hier: Variants of Concern (VOC).</a> In: Activities. who.int, 25. August 2021, abgerufen am 28. August 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Tracking+SARS-CoV-2+variants%3B+hier%3A+Variants+of+Concern+%28VOC%29&rft.description=Tracking+SARS-CoV-2+variants%3B+hier%3A+Variants+of+Concern+%28VOC%29&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fen%2Factivities%2Ftracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants&rft.creator=%5B%5BWHO%5D%5D&rft.publisher=who.int&rft.date=2021-08-25&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/126034/US-Gesundheitsbehoerde-Delta-Variante-so-ansteckend-wie-Windpocken-trotz-Impfung">US-Gesundheitsbehörde: Delta-Variante so ansteckend wie Windpocken – trotz Impfung.</a> <a href="Deutsches_%C3%84rzteblatt" title="Deutsches Ärzteblatt">Deutsches Ärzteblatt</a>, 30. Juli 2021, abgerufen am 2. August 2021.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> Yasmeen Abutaleb, Carolyn Y. Johnson, Joel Achenbach: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/07/29/cdc-mask-guidance/">‘The war has changed’: Internal CDC document urges new messaging, warns delta infections likely more severe.</a> Washington Post, 29. Juli 2021, abgerufen am 2. August 2021 (englisch).

</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <a href="Paul-Ehrlich-Institut" title="Paul-Ehrlich-Institut">Paul-Ehrlich-Institut</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830190616/https://www.pei.de/SharedDocs/FAQs/DE/coronavirus/coronavirus-infektionsverstaerkende-antikoerper-ade.html">Was sind infektionsverstärkende Antikörper (ADE) und sind sie ein Problem?</a> In: pei.de. 30. Juli 2020, archiviert vom <a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pei.de%2FSharedDocs%2FFAQs%2FDE%2Fcoronavirus%2Fcoronavirus-infektionsverstaerkende-antikoerper-ade.html">Original</a> am 30. August 2021; abgerufen am 23. August 2021.<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Was+sind+infektionsverst%C3%A4rkende+Antik%C3%B6rper+%28ADE%29+und+sind+sie+ein+Problem%3F&rft.description=Was+sind+infektionsverst%C3%A4rkende+Antik%C3%B6rper+%28ADE%29+und+sind+sie+ein+Problem%3F&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20210830190616%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.pei.de%2FSharedDocs%2FFAQs%2FDE%2Fcoronavirus%2Fcoronavirus-infektionsverstaerkende-antikoerper-ade.html&rft.creator=%5B%5BPaul-Ehrlich-Institut%5D%5D&rft.date=2020-07-30&rft.source=https://www.pei.de/SharedDocs/FAQs/DE/coronavirus/coronavirus-infektionsverstaerkende-antikoerper-ade.html">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> Nouara Yahi, Henri Chahinian, Jacques Fantini: Infection-enhancing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies recognize both the original Wuhan/D614G strain and Delta variants. A potential risk for mass vaccination? In: <a href="Journal_of_Infection" title="Journal of Infection">Journal of Infection</a>, 9. August 2021, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.010" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.010">doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.010</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journalofinfection.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0163-4453%2821%2900392-3">PDF</a>.

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<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <a href="Paul-Ehrlich-Institut" title="Paul-Ehrlich-Institut">Paul-Ehrlich-Institut</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210913135158/https://www.pei.de/SharedDocs/FAQs/DE/coronavirus/coronavirus-infektionsverstaerkende-antikoerper-ade.html">Was sind infektionsverstärkende Antikörper (ADE) und sind sie ein Problem?</a> In: pei.de. 7. September 2021, archiviert vom <a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pei.de%2FSharedDocs%2FFAQs%2FDE%2Fcoronavirus%2Fcoronavirus-infektionsverstaerkende-antikoerper-ade.html">Original</a> am 13. September 2021; abgerufen am 4. Oktober 2021.<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Was+sind+infektionsverst%C3%A4rkende+Antik%C3%B6rper+%28ADE%29+und+sind+sie+ein+Problem%3F&rft.description=Was+sind+infektionsverst%C3%A4rkende+Antik%C3%B6rper+%28ADE%29+und+sind+sie+ein+Problem%3F&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20210913135158%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.pei.de%2FSharedDocs%2FFAQs%2FDE%2Fcoronavirus%2Fcoronavirus-infektionsverstaerkende-antikoerper-ade.html&rft.creator=%5B%5BPaul-Ehrlich-Institut%5D%5D&rft.date=2021-09-07&rft.source=https://www.pei.de/SharedDocs/FAQs/DE/coronavirus/coronavirus-infektionsverstaerkende-antikoerper-ade.html">

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<li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> Shabir A. Madhi et al.: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">New England Journal of Medicine</cite>. Band 384, Nr. 20, 2021, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220028-4793%22&key=cql">0028-4793</a>, S. 1885–1898, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2102214">10.1056/NEJMoa2102214</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33725432?dopt=Abstract">PMID 33725432</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:SARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+the+ChAdOx1+nCoV-19+Covid-19+Vaccine+against+the+B.1.351+Variant&rft.au=Shabir+A.+Madhi+et+al.&rft.date=2021&rft.doi=10.1056%2FNEJMoa2102214&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=0028-4793&rft.issue=20&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.pages=1885-1898&rft.pmid=33725432&rft.volume=384" style="display:none">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> Jan Lucas Frenger: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fr.de/wissen/corona-variante-delta-plus-indien-hoehere-ansteckungsgefahr-als-besorgniserregend-eingestuft-gesunheitsministerium-22-faelle-90819316.html">Variante „Delta Plus“ als besorgniserregend eingestuft – Höhere Ansteckungsgefahr.</a> In: Wissen/Corona-Lage in Indien. fr.de, abgerufen am 23. Juni 2021.<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Variante+%E2%80%9EDelta+Plus%E2%80%9C+als+besorgniserregend+eingestuft+%E2%80%93+H%C3%B6here+Ansteckungsgefahr&rft.description=Variante+%E2%80%9EDelta+Plus%E2%80%9C+als+besorgniserregend+eingestuft+%E2%80%93+H%C3%B6here+Ansteckungsgefahr&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fr.de%2Fwissen%2Fcorona-variante-delta-plus-indien-hoehere-ansteckungsgefahr-als-besorgniserregend-eingestuft-gesunheitsministerium-22-faelle-90819316.html&rft.creator=Jan+Lucas+Frenger&rft.publisher=fr.de">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/covid-india-delta-plus-variant-explained-b1866153.html">Experts call for more sequencing after new ‘Delta plus’ variant identified.</a> In: independent.co.uk. 15. Juni 2021, abgerufen am 22. Juni 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Experts+call+for+more+sequencing+after+new+%E2%80%98Delta+plus%E2%80%99+variant+identified&rft.description=Experts+call+for+more+sequencing+after+new+%E2%80%98Delta+plus%E2%80%99+variant+identified&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fasia%2Findia%2Fcovid-india-delta-plus-variant-explained-b1866153.html&rft.date=2021-06-15&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oe24.at/coronavirus/besorgniserregend-neue-variante-delta-plus-aufgetaucht/481645553">Corona Mutation – „Besorgniserregend“: Neue Variante „Delta plus“ aufgetaucht.</a> In: oe24.at. 22. Juni 2021, abgerufen am 22. Juni 2021.<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Corona+Mutation+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EBesorgniserregend%E2%80%9C%3A+Neue+Variante+%E2%80%9EDelta+plus%E2%80%9C+aufgetaucht&rft.description=Corona+Mutation+%E2%80%93+%E2%80%9EBesorgniserregend%E2%80%9C%3A+Neue+Variante+%E2%80%9EDelta+plus%E2%80%9C+aufgetaucht&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oe24.at%2Fcoronavirus%2Fbesorgniserregend-neue-variante-delta-plus-aufgetaucht%2F481645553&rft.date=2021-06-22">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-nextstrainDelta-38">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-nextstrainDelta_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nextstrainDelta_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nextstrainDelta_38-2">c</a> Hadfield et al Bioinformatics, <a href="Nextstrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Nextstrain">Nextstrain</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nextstrain.org/ncov/gisaid/europe?c=pango_lineage&f_emerging_lineage=B.1.617.2%20(Delta)&p=full&r=region&tl=pango_lineage">Genomic epidemiology of novel coronavirus - Europe-focused subsampling.</a> Frequencies (colored by PANGO Lineage). nextstrain.org, 2. November 2021, abgerufen am 3. November 2021 (englisch, Filter Emerging Lineage auf B.1.617.2 (Delta)).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Genomic+epidemiology+of+novel+coronavirus+-+Europe-focused+subsampling&rft.description=Genomic+epidemiology+of+novel+coronavirus+-+Europe-focused+subsampling&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fnextstrain.org%2Fncov%2Fgisaid%2Feurope%3Fc%3Dpango_lineage%26f_emerging_lineage%3DB.1.617.2%2520%2528Delta%2529%26p%3Dfull%26r%3Dregion%26tl%3Dpango_lineage&rft.creator=Hadfield+et+al+Bioinformatics%2C+%5B%5BNextstrain%5D%5D&rft.publisher=nextstrain.org&rft.date=2021-11-02&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cov-lineages.org/lineage.html?lineage=AY.3">Lineage AY.3.</a> cov-lineages.org, abgerufen am 25. August 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Lineage+AY.3&rft.description=Lineage+AY.3&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fcov-lineages.org%2Flineage.html%3Flineage%3DAY.3&rft.publisher=cov-lineages.org&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> Zach Hensel: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/cov-lineages/pango-designation/issues/121">B.1.617.2 sub-lineage with ORF1a: I3731V #121.</a> In: cov-lineages/pango-designation. 29. Juni 2021, abgerufen am 25. August 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=B.1.617.2+sub-lineage+with+ORF1a%3A+I3731V+%23121&rft.description=B.1.617.2+sub-lineage+with+ORF1a%3A+I3731V+%23121&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcov-lineages%2Fpango-designation%2Fissues%2F121&rft.creator=Zach+Hensel&rft.date=2021-06-29&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-SpiegelAY.3-41">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-SpiegelAY.3_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SpiegelAY.3_41-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/corona-mutation-wissenschaftler-warnen-vor-ay-3-a-45ecb9cc-7b5d-4099-9884-63991fee53e8">Delta-Mutation AY.3 beunruhigt Wissenschaftler.</a> In: Wissenschaft/Coronavirus. spiegel.de, 20. August 2021, abgerufen am 21. August 2021.<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Delta-Mutation+AY.3+beunruhigt+Wissenschaftler&rft.description=Delta-Mutation+AY.3+beunruhigt+Wissenschaftler&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fwissenschaft%2Fcorona-mutation-wissenschaftler-warnen-vor-ay-3-a-45ecb9cc-7b5d-4099-9884-63991fee53e8&rft.publisher=spiegel.de&rft.date=2021-08-20">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> Katherine Linsenmeyer et al.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.05.21261562v1.full.pdf">Cryptic Transmission of the Delta Variant AY.3 Sublineage of SARS-CoV-2 among Fully Vaccinated Patients on an Inpatient Ward.</a> (PDF) In: preprint. medrxiv.org, 10. August 2021, S. 5, abgerufen am 25. August 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Cryptic+Transmission+of+the+Delta+Variant+AY.3+Sublineage+of+SARS-CoV-2+among+Fully+Vaccinated+Patients+on+an+Inpatient+Ward&rft.description=Cryptic+Transmission+of+the+Delta+Variant+AY.3+Sublineage+of+SARS-CoV-2+among+Fully+Vaccinated+Patients+on+an+Inpatient+Ward&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medrxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.1101%2F2021.08.05.21261562v1.full.pdf&rft.creator=Katherine+Linsenmeyer+et+al.&rft.publisher=medrxiv.org&rft.date=2021-08-10&rft.language=en">  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.05.21261562" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1101/2021.08.05.21261562">doi:10.1101/2021.08.05.21261562</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-conv2021-10-25-43">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-conv2021-10-25_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-conv2021-10-25_43-1">b</a> Matthew Bashton, Darren Smith: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/covid-how-worried-should-we-be-about-the-new-ay-4-2-lineage-of-the-coronavirus-170409">COVID: how worried should we be about the new AY.4.2 lineage of the coronavirus?</a> In: theconversation.com. 25. Oktober 2021, abgerufen am 25. Oktober 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=COVID%3A+how+worried+should+we+be+about+the+new+AY.4.2+lineage+of+the+coronavirus%3F&rft.description=COVID%3A+how+worried+should+we+be+about+the+new+AY.4.2+lineage+of+the+coronavirus%3F&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fcovid-how-worried-should-we-be-about-the-new-ay-4-2-lineage-of-the-coronavirus-170409&rft.creator=Matthew+Bashton%2C+Darren+Smith&rft.date=2021-10-25&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> Hadfield et al Bioinformatics, <a href="Nextstrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Nextstrain">Nextstrain</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nextstrain.org/ncov/gisaid/global?c=pango_lineage&f_emerging_lineage=B.1.617.2%20(Delta)&p=full&r=region&tl=pango_lineage">Genomic epidemiology of novel coronavirus - Global subsampling.</a> Frequencies (colored by PANGO Lineage). nextstrain.org, 19. Oktober 2021, abgerufen am 21. Oktober 2021 (englisch, Filter Emerging Lineage auf B.1.617.2 (Delta)).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Genomic+epidemiology+of+novel+coronavirus+-+Global+subsampling&rft.description=Genomic+epidemiology+of+novel+coronavirus+-+Global+subsampling&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fnextstrain.org%2Fncov%2Fgisaid%2Fglobal%3Fc%3Dpango_lineage%26f_emerging_lineage%3DB.1.617.2%2520%2528Delta%2529%26p%3Dfull%26r%3Dregion%26tl%3Dpango_lineage&rft.creator=Hadfield+et+al+Bioinformatics%2C+%5B%5BNextstrain%5D%5D&rft.publisher=nextstrain.org&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-PangoAY20210827-45">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-PangoAY20210827_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PangoAY20210827_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PangoAY20210827_45-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pango.network/new-ay-lineages">New AY lineages and an update to AY.4-AY.12.</a> In: New lineages. pango.network, 27. August 2021, abgerufen am 8. September 2021 (englisch, s. a. Table of currently designated AY lineages, their predominant geographical location(s) and their associated mutation(s).): „includes new lineages AY.13-AY.25 and an update to the previously designated AY.4-AY.12 lineages. […] does not imply any functional biological difference from B.1.617.2 and, like B.1.617.2, they correspond to the WHO-defined Delta variant […] table at the bottom of this article shows the countries and mutations that are associated with each of the AY lineages. […] This means that a number of virus genomes that were previously designated B.1.617.2 are now designated to one of the AY lineages […] We expect that more AY lineages will continue to follow.“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=New+AY+lineages+and+an+update+to+AY.4-AY.12&rft.description=New+AY+lineages+and+an+update+to+AY.4-AY.12&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pango.network%2Fnew-ay-lineages&rft.publisher=pango.network&rft.date=2021-08-27&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cov-lineages.org/lineage.html?lineage=AY.4.2">Lineage AY.4.2.</a> cov-lineages.org, abgerufen am 21. Oktober 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Lineage+AY.4.2&rft.description=Lineage+AY.4.2&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fcov-lineages.org%2Flineage.html%3Flineage%3DAY.4.2&rft.publisher=cov-lineages.org&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-HSAtb25-47"><a href="#cite_ref-HSAtb25_47-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1025827/Technical_Briefing_25.pdf">SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England – Technical briefing 25.</a> (PDF; 4,5 MB) In: Coronavirus (COVID-19). gov.uk, <a href="UK_Health_Security_Agency" title="UK Health Security Agency">UK Health Security Agency</a>, 15. Oktober 2021, S. 22, abgerufen am 20. Oktober 2021 (englisch): „One recently designated sublineage, AY.4.2, is not yet assigned by the Pangolin tool […]. This sublineage is currently increasing in frequency. It includes spike mutations A222V and Y145H. In the week beginning 27 September 2021 (the last week with complete sequencing data), this sublineage accounted for approximately 6% of all sequences generated, on an increasing trajectory. This estimate may be imprecise due to known sequencing issues affecting position S:145. Further assessment is underway.“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=SARS-CoV-2+variants+of+concern+and+variants+under+investigation+in+England+%E2%80%93+Technical+briefing+25&rft.description=SARS-CoV-2+variants+of+concern+and+variants+under+investigation+in+England+%E2%80%93+Technical+briefing+25&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F1025827%2FTechnical_Briefing_25.pdf&rft.publisher=gov.uk%2C+%5B%5BUK+Health+Security+Agency%5D%5D&rft.date=2021-10-15&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-outbreakDeltaAY.4.2-48"><a href="#cite_ref-outbreakDeltaAY.4.2_48-0">↑</a> Lineage Comparison. Alaa Abdel Latifet al. and the Center for Viral Systems Biology: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outbreak.info/compare-lineages?pango=Delta&pango=B.1.617.2&pango=AY.4&pango=AY.4.1&pango=AY.4.2&gene=S&threshold=60&dark=true">SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV-19) Mutation Reports - Mutation prevalence across lineages.</a> In: outbreak.info. Abgerufen am 25. Oktober 2021 (englisch, Auswahl B.1.617.2 und alle AY.4.*).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=SARS-CoV-2+%28hCoV-19%29+Mutation+Reports+-+Mutation+prevalence+across+lineages&rft.description=SARS-CoV-2+%28hCoV-19%29+Mutation+Reports+-+Mutation+prevalence+across+lineages&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Foutbreak.info%2Fcompare-lineages%3Fpango%3DDelta%26pango%3DB.1.617.2%26pango%3DAY.4%26pango%3DAY.4.1%26pango%3DAY.4.2%26gene%3DS%26threshold%3D60%26dark%3Dtrue&rft.creator=Lineage+Comparison.+Alaa+Abdel+Latifet+al.+and+the+Center+for+Viral+Systems+Biology&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outbreak.info/location-reports?xmin=2021-07-15&xmax=2021-10-15&loc=GBR&pango=AY.4.2&selected=AY.4.2">United Kingdom Variant Report.</a> outbreak.info, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2021 (englisch, mit explizitem Diagramm zur Verbreitung von AY.4.2 in Großbritannien).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=United+Kingdom+Variant+Report&rft.description=United+Kingdom+Variant+Report&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Foutbreak.info%2Flocation-reports%3Fxmin%3D2021-07-15%26xmax%3D2021-10-15%26loc%3DGBR%26pango%3DAY.4.2%26selected%3DAY.4.2&rft.publisher=outbreak.info&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> Michelle Roberts: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/health-58965650">Covid-19: New mutation of Delta variant under close watch in UK.</a> In: bbc.com. BBC, 19. Oktober 2021, abgerufen am 20. Oktober 2021 (englisch): „But in July 2021 experts identified AY.4.2. […] Prof Francois Balloux, director of University College London's Genetics Institute, said: ‚It is potentially a marginally more infectious strain.‘ – ‚It's nothing compared with what we saw with Alpha and Delta, which were something like 50 to 60 percent more transmissible. So we are talking about something quite subtle here and that is currently under investigation.‘ – ‚It is likely to be up to 10 percent more transmissible.‘ – ‚It's good that we are aware. It's excellent that we have the facilities and infrastructure in place to see anything that might be a bit suspicious.‘“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Covid-19%3A+New+mutation+of+Delta+variant+under+close+watch+in+UK&rft.description=Covid-19%3A+New+mutation+of+Delta+variant+under+close+watch+in+UK&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fhealth-58965650&rft.creator=Michelle+Roberts&rft.publisher=BBC&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-HSAtb27-51"><a href="#cite_ref-HSAtb27_51-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1029715/technical-briefing-27.pdf">SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England – Technical briefing 27.</a> (PDF; 9,4 MB) In: Coronavirus (COVID-19). gov.uk, UK Health Security Agency, 29. Oktober 2021, S. 47–60; hier: S. 47 f., 50, 57, 59, abgerufen am 3. November 2021 (englisch): „After adjustment for the potential confounding variables there was no evidence that AY4.2 differed significantly compared to non-AY4.2 Delta cases, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, across the 3 vaccines in circulation. […] These initial analyses produced overlapping confidence intervals between rates of hospitalisation or death among VUI-21OCT-01 and Delta, suggesting that rates are similar and differences observed are not statistically significant. However, these crude analyses do not adjust for crucial factors that can influence outcomes such as age and vaccination status and should be interpreted with caution. […] Growth rate is context dependent and cannot be interpreted as a change in biological transmissibility. […] Secondary attack rate for household contacts of cases with VUI-21OCT-01 was 12.2% (95% CI: 11.8% - 12.7%), higher than that observed for other Delta cases where it was 11.2% (95% CI: 11.1% - 11.3%). In non-household settings, the secondary attack rate was higher for VUI-21OCT-01 than other Delta cases, but this difference was not significant.“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=SARS-CoV-2+variants+of+concern+and+variants+under+investigation+in+England+%E2%80%93+Technical+briefing+27&rft.description=SARS-CoV-2+variants+of+concern+and+variants+under+investigation+in+England+%E2%80%93+Technical+briefing+27&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fassets.publishing.service.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fuploads%2Fsystem%2Fuploads%2Fattachment_data%2Ffile%2F1029715%2Ftechnical-briefing-27.pdf&rft.publisher=gov.uk%2C+UK+Health+Security+Agency&rft.date=2021-10-29&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-PangoAY20210813-52"><a href="#cite_ref-PangoAY20210813_52-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pango.network/new-ay-lineages">New AY lineages.</a> In: New lineages. pango.network, 13. August 2021, abgerufen am 4. September 2021 (englisch): „their designation doesn’t imply any functional biological difference from B.1.617.2. […] The AY lineages break up B.1.617.2 into smaller related clusters that can be tracked separately. Each of these clusters is usually associated with a significant epidemiological event (for example, introduction into a new country with onward transmission) and will let researchers build a more fine-grained picture of how Delta variant is circulating nationally, and around the world.“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=New+AY+lineages&rft.description=New+AY+lineages&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pango.network%2Fnew-ay-lineages&rft.publisher=pango.network&rft.date=2021-08-13&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-CovLin_B.1.617.2-53">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-CovLin_B.1.617.2_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CovLin_B.1.617.2_53-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cov-lineages.org/lineage.html?lineage=B.1.617.2">Lineage B.1.617.2.</a> cov-lineages.org, abgerufen am 4. September 2021 (englisch, incl. aller Untervarianten AY.* und deren jeweiliger regionaler Ausbreitung).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Lineage+B.1.617.2&rft.description=Lineage+B.1.617.2&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fcov-lineages.org%2Flineage.html%3Flineage%3DB.1.617.2&rft.publisher=cov-lineages.org&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-outbreakDeltaAY-54">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-outbreakDeltaAY_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-outbreakDeltaAY_54-1">b</a> Lineage Comparison. Alaa Abdel Latifet al. and the Center for Viral Systems Biology: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outbreak.info/compare-lineages?pango=Delta&pango=B.1.617.2&pango=AY.1&pango=AY.2&pango=AY.3&pango=AY.3.1&pango=AY.4&pango=AY.4.1&pango=AY.4.2&pango=AY.5&pango=AY.6&pango=AY.7&pango=AY.7.1&pango=AY.7.2&pango=AY.8&pango=AY.9&pango=AY.10&pango=AY.11&pango=AY.12&pango=AY.13&pango=AY.14&pango=AY.15&pango=AY.16&pango=AY.17&pango=AY.18&pango=AY.19&pango=AY.20&pango=AY.21&pango=AY.22&pango=AY.23&pango=AY.24&pango=AY.25&pango=AY.26&pango=AY.27&pango=AY.28&pango=AY.29&pango=AY.30&pango=AY.31&pango=AY.32&pango=AY.33&pango=AY.34&pango=AY.35&pango=AY.36&pango=AY.37&pango=AY.38&pango=AY.39&gene=S&threshold=75&dark=true">SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV-19) Mutation Reports - Mutation prevalence across lineages.</a> In: outbreak.info. Abgerufen am 25. Oktober 2021 (englisch, Auswahl B.1.617.2 und alle AY.*).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=SARS-CoV-2+%28hCoV-19%29+Mutation+Reports+-+Mutation+prevalence+across+lineages&rft.description=SARS-CoV-2+%28hCoV-19%29+Mutation+Reports+-+Mutation+prevalence+across+lineages&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Foutbreak.info%2Fcompare-lineages%3Fpango%3DDelta%26pango%3DB.1.617.2%26pango%3DAY.1%26pango%3DAY.2%26pango%3DAY.3%26pango%3DAY.3.1%26pango%3DAY.4%26pango%3DAY.4.1%26pango%3DAY.4.2%26pango%3DAY.5%26pango%3DAY.6%26pango%3DAY.7%26pango%3DAY.7.1%26pango%3DAY.7.2%26pango%3DAY.8%26pango%3DAY.9%26pango%3DAY.10%26pango%3DAY.11%26pango%3DAY.12%26pango%3DAY.13%26pango%3DAY.14%26pango%3DAY.15%26pango%3DAY.16%26pango%3DAY.17%26pango%3DAY.18%26pango%3DAY.19%26pango%3DAY.20%26pango%3DAY.21%26pango%3DAY.22%26pango%3DAY.23%26pango%3DAY.24%26pango%3DAY.25%26pango%3DAY.26%26pango%3DAY.27%26pango%3DAY.28%26pango%3DAY.29%26pango%3DAY.30%26pango%3DAY.31%26pango%3DAY.32%26pango%3DAY.33%26pango%3DAY.34%26pango%3DAY.35%26pango%3DAY.36%26pango%3DAY.37%26pango%3DAY.38%26pango%3DAY.39%26gene%3DS%26threshold%3D75%26dark%3Dtrue&rft.creator=Lineage+Comparison.+Alaa+Abdel+Latifet+al.+and+the+Center+for+Viral+Systems+Biology&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-nextstrainDeltaGlob-55"><a href="#cite_ref-nextstrainDeltaGlob_55-0">↑</a> Hadfield et al Bioinformatics, <a href="Nextstrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Nextstrain">Nextstrain</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nextstrain.org/ncov/gisaid/global?branchLabel=emerging_lineage&c=pango_lineage&f_emerging_lineage=B.1.617.2%20(Delta)&tl=pango_lineage">Genomic epidemiology of novel coronavirus - Global subsampling.</a> Frequencies (colored by PANGO Lineage). nextstrain.org, 8. September 2021, abgerufen am 8. September 2021 (englisch, Filter Emerging Lineage auf B.1.617.2 (Delta)).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Genomic+epidemiology+of+novel+coronavirus+-+Global+subsampling&rft.description=Genomic+epidemiology+of+novel+coronavirus+-+Global+subsampling&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fnextstrain.org%2Fncov%2Fgisaid%2Fglobal%3FbranchLabel%3Demerging_lineage%26c%3Dpango_lineage%26f_emerging_lineage%3DB.1.617.2%2520%2528Delta%2529%26tl%3Dpango_lineage&rft.creator=Hadfield+et+al+Bioinformatics%2C+%5B%5BNextstrain%5D%5D&rft.publisher=nextstrain.org&rft.date=2021-09-08&rft.language=en">

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<li id="cite_note-PangoAY20211101-56"><a href="#cite_ref-PangoAY20211101_56-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pango.network/summary-of-designated-ay-lineages/">Summary of designated AY lineages.</a> In: New lineages. pango.network, 1. November 2021, abgerufen am 11. November 2021 (englisch, Table of currently designated AY lineages, their predominant geographical location(s) and their associated mutation(s)): „Their designation does not imply any functional biological difference from B.1.617.2 and, like B.1.617.2, they correspond to the WHO-defined Delta variant“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Summary+of+designated+AY+lineages&rft.description=Summary+of+designated+AY+lineages&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pango.network%2Fsummary-of-designated-ay-lineages%2F&rft.publisher=pango.network&rft.date=2021-11-01&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/cov-lineages/pango-designation/issues/444">Delta (AY.4) and BA.1 recombinant in France/Denmark [~30 seqs, isolated/passaged in Vero[ #444.</a> In: github.com/cov-lineages. 16. März 2022, abgerufen am 2. April 2022 (englisch, Rekombinante XD).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Delta+%28AY.4%29+and+BA.1+recombinant+in+France%2FDenmark+%26%2391%3B%7E30+seqs%2C+isolated%2Fpassaged+in+Vero%26%2391%3B+%23444&rft.description=Delta+%28AY.4%29+and+BA.1+recombinant+in+France%2FDenmark+%26%2391%3B%7E30+seqs%2C+isolated%2Fpassaged+in+Vero%26%2391%3B+%23444&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcov-lineages%2Fpango-designation%2Fissues%2F444&rft.date=2022-03-16&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/cov-lineages/pango-designation/issues/445">Potential Delta/Omicron Recombinant Lineage with Likely Breakpoint at NSP3 (30 Seqeuences in the UK as of 2022/02/17) #445.</a> In: github.com/cov-lineages. 16. März 2022, abgerufen am 2. April 2022 (englisch, Rekombinante XF).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Potential+Delta%2FOmicron+Recombinant+Lineage+with+Likely+Breakpoint+at+NSP3+%2830+Seqeuences+in+the+UK+as+of+2022%2F02%2F17%29+%23445&rft.description=Potential+Delta%2FOmicron+Recombinant+Lineage+with+Likely+Breakpoint+at+NSP3+%2830+Seqeuences+in+the+UK+as+of+2022%2F02%2F17%29+%23445&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcov-lineages%2Fpango-designation%2Fissues%2F445&rft.date=2022-03-16&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/cov-lineages/pango-designation/issues/471">Potential Delta/BA.1.1 Recombinant with Likely Breakpoint at NSP4 or NSP5 (37 Seqs in US as of 2022-03-27) #471.</a> In: github.com/cov-lineages. 1. April 2022, abgerufen am 2. April 2022 (englisch, Rekombinante XS).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Potential+Delta%2FBA.1.1+Recombinant+with+Likely+Breakpoint+at+NSP4+or+NSP5+%2837+Seqs+in+US+as+of+2022-03-27%29+%23471&rft.description=Potential+Delta%2FBA.1.1+Recombinant+with+Likely+Breakpoint+at+NSP4+or+NSP5+%2837+Seqs+in+US+as+of+2022-03-27%29+%23471&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fcov-lineages%2Fpango-designation%2Fissues%2F471&rft.date=2022-04-01&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cov-lineages.org/lineage_list.html">Lineage List.</a> cov-lineages.org, abgerufen am 2. April 2022 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Lineage+List&rft.description=Lineage+List&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fcov-lineages.org%2Flineage_list.html&rft.publisher=cov-lineages.org&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> Elena Lynch: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220321182710/https://www.nzz.ch/wissenschaft/deltakron-neue-infektionswelle-steht-trotz-neuer-virusvariante-nicht-bevor-ld.1675270">Deltakron: Die neue Virusvariante könnte bald auch in der Schweiz auftreten.</a> In: nzz.ch. 21. März 2022, archiviert vom <a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzz.ch%2Fwissenschaft%2Fdeltakron-neue-infektionswelle-steht-trotz-neuer-virusvariante-nicht-bevor-ld.1675270">Original</a> am 21. März 2022; abgerufen am 21. März 2022: „Richard Neher ist Biophysiker am Bioinstitut der Universität Basel sowie Mitglied der Science-Task-Force und […] findet, Deltakron sei eine ‹ungünstige umgangssprachliche Bezeichnung›. Das französische Forschungszentrum Institut Pasteur nannte die Variante in seiner Untersuchung ‹Deltamikron›. […] Neher empfiehlt sie ‹Rekombinante› zu nennen.“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Deltakron%3A+Die+neue+Virusvariante+k%C3%B6nnte+bald+auch+in+der+Schweiz+auftreten&rft.description=Deltakron%3A+Die+neue+Virusvariante+k%C3%B6nnte+bald+auch+in+der+Schweiz+auftreten&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20220321182710%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzz.ch%2Fwissenschaft%2Fdeltakron-neue-infektionswelle-steht-trotz-neuer-virusvariante-nicht-bevor-ld.1675270&rft.creator=Elena+Lynch&rft.date=2022-03-21&rft.source=https://www.nzz.ch/wissenschaft/deltakron-neue-infektionswelle-steht-trotz-neuer-virusvariante-nicht-bevor-ld.1675270">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> Carol Lee, Shruthi Mangalaganesh, Laurence O.W. Wilson et al.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.25.21268404v2.full.pdf">Cooccurrence of N501Y, P681R and other key mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike.</a> (PDF; 2,9 MB) <a href="MedRxiv" title="MedRxiv">MedRxiv</a>, 2. Januar 2022, S. 13, abgerufen am 24. Januar 2022 (englisch): „In this case-study we analysed three key mutations (viz. D614G, N501Y and P681R) cooccurring but found no evidence of this combination spreading.“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Cooccurrence+of+N501Y%2C+P681R+and+other+key+mutations+in+SARS-CoV-2+Spike&rft.description=Cooccurrence+of+N501Y%2C+P681R+and+other+key+mutations+in+SARS-CoV-2+Spike&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medrxiv.org%2Fcontent%2F10.1101%2F2021.12.25.21268404v2.full.pdf&rft.creator=Carol+Lee%2C+Shruthi+Mangalaganesh%2C+Laurence+O.W.+Wilson+et+al.&rft.publisher=%5B%5BMedRxiv%5D%5D&rft.date=2022-01-02&rft.language=en">  <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.25.21268404">10.1101/2021.12.25.21268404</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-indiatoday_24052021-63">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-indiatoday_24052021_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indiatoday_24052021_63-1">b</a> Milan Sharma: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/coronavirus-dominant-variant-india-genome-sequencing-finding-study-1806111-2021-05-24">B.1.617.2 becoming dominant variant in India, finds genome sequencing.</a> In: News/India. indiatoday.in, 24. Mai 2021, abgerufen am 24. Mai 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=B.1.617.2+becoming+dominant+variant+in+India%2C+finds+genome+sequencing&rft.description=B.1.617.2+becoming+dominant+variant+in+India%2C+finds+genome+sequencing&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Findia%2Fstory%2Fcoronavirus-dominant-variant-india-genome-sequencing-finding-study-1806111-2021-05-24&rft.creator=Milan+Sharma&rft.publisher=indiatoday.in&rft.date=2021-05-24&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-indian-variant-vaccine-b1847788.html">Over-50s to receive second jab after 8 weeks as alarm grows over the Indian Covid variant.</a> In: independent.co.uk. 14. Mai 2021, abgerufen am 24. Mai 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Over-50s+to+receive+second+jab+after+8+weeks+as+alarm+grows+over+the+Indian+Covid+variant&rft.description=Over-50s+to+receive+second+jab+after+8+weeks+as+alarm+grows+over+the+Indian+Covid+variant&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fboris-johnson-indian-variant-vaccine-b1847788.html&rft.date=2021-05-14&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> Kathrin Wesolowski: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/de/corona-faktencheck-haben-die-impfstoffe-die-delta-variante-verursacht/a-58192826">Faktencheck: Haben die Impfstoffe die Delta-Variante verursacht?</a> In: Wissen & Umwelt / Coronavirus. dw.com, 10. Juli 2021, abgerufen am 5. September 2021.<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Faktencheck%3A+Haben+die+Impfstoffe+die+Delta-Variante+verursacht%3F&rft.description=Faktencheck%3A+Haben+die+Impfstoffe+die+Delta-Variante+verursacht%3F&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fde%2Fcorona-faktencheck-haben-die-impfstoffe-die-delta-variante-verursacht%2Fa-58192826&rft.creator=Kathrin+Wesolowski&rft.publisher=dw.com&rft.date=2021-07-10">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-LanAnt20210901-66">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-LanAnt20210901_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LanAnt20210901_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LanAnt20210901_66-2">c</a> Michela Antonelli et al.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1473-3099(21)00460-6">Risk factors and disease profile of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK users of the COVID Symptom Study app: a prospective, community-based, nested, case-control study.</a> (PDF) In: Infectious Diseases, Online First. thelancet.com, 1. September 2021, S. 8, 10 f., abgerufen am 10. September 2021 (englisch, s. a. Figure 3: Disease severity and duration factors in SARS-CoV-2-infected vaccinated versus unvaccinated participants, mit zugehörigen Daten in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelancet.com/cms/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00460-6/attachment/348a9556-33c6-4d7e-8b79-8c9a68f2125d/mmc1.pdf">Supplementary Material</a>, S. 7, Supplementary Table 11 & 14. Einzelsymptome dazu s. Supplementary Table 13 & 15): „Almost all symptoms were reported less frequently in infected vaccinated individuals than in infected unvaccinated individuals, and vaccinated participants were more likely to be completely asymptomatic, especially if they were 60 years or older. […] This prospective, community-based, nested, case-control study used data from UK-based […] Data from 1 531 762 app users reporting an RT-PCR or LFAT test […] We found that the odds of having symptoms for 28 days or more after post-vaccination infection were approximately halved by having two vaccine doses. This result suggests that the risk of long COVID is reduced in individuals who have received double vaccination, when additionally considering the already documented reduced risk of infection overall. […] Our data suggest that the risk of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection is reduced in older age groups. […] Fully vaccinated individuals with COVID-19, especially if they were 60 years or older, were more likely to be completely asymptomatic than were unvaccinated controls. […] Supplementary Table 11. Univariate analysis assessing the probability of asymptomatic infection, severe disease (>5 reported symptoms during acute infection), hospitalisation and duration of symptoms ≥28 days in app participants following first and second vaccination, adjusted by age, BMI, and sex. […] Younger adults (18–59 years); Older adults (60+ years) / Hospitalisation […] D2 […] 0,57 […]; 0,15 / symptoms lasting ≥28 days […] D2 […] 0,37 […]; 0,56 […] D2=After second dose“<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Risk+factors+and+disease+profile+of+post-vaccination+SARS-CoV-2+infection+in+UK+users+of+the+COVID+Symptom+Study+app%3A+a+prospective%2C+community-based%2C+nested%2C+case-control+study&rft.description=Risk+factors+and+disease+profile+of+post-vaccination+SARS-CoV-2+infection+in+UK+users+of+the+COVID+Symptom+Study+app%3A+a+prospective%2C+community-based%2C+nested%2C+case-control+study&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelancet.com%2Faction%2FshowPdf%3Fpii%3DS1473-3099%252821%252900460-6&rft.creator=Michela+Antonelli+et+al.&rft.publisher=thelancet.com&rft.date=2021-09-01&rft.language=en">  <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00460-6" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00460-6">doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00460-6</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> Heather Scobie, <a href="Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">CDC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/slides-2021-08-13/04-COVID-Scobie-508.pdf">VE against Infection and Hospitalization July vs. Jan-May.</a> (PDF) In: Update on Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants and COVID-19 vaccines. cdc.gov/coronavirus, 13. August 2021, S. 19, abgerufen am 28. August 2021.<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=VE+against+Infection+and+Hospitalization+July+vs.+Jan-May&rft.description=VE+against+Infection+and+Hospitalization+July+vs.+Jan-May&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fvaccines%2Facip%2Fmeetings%2Fdownloads%2Fslides-2021-08-13%2F04-COVID-Scobie-508.pdf&rft.creator=Heather+Scobie%2C+%5B%5BCenters+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%7CCDC%5D%5D&rft.publisher=cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus&rft.date=2021-08-13">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <a href="Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> zitiert ggü. <a href="Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> bestätigtes internes <a href="Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">CDC</a>-Dokument: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/skorea-announces-vaccination-plan-18-49-year-olds-2021-07-30/">‘The war has changed,’ CDC says, calling for new response to Delta variant.</a> In: CDC-Dokument: Improving communications around vaccine breakthrough and vaccine effectiveness. 30. Juli 2021, abgerufen am 31. Juli 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=%E2%80%98The+war+has+changed%2C%E2%80%99+CDC+says%2C+calling+for+new+response+to+Delta+variant&rft.description=%E2%80%98The+war+has+changed%2C%E2%80%99+CDC+says%2C+calling+for+new+response+to+Delta+variant&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Fskorea-announces-vaccination-plan-18-49-year-olds-2021-07-30%2F&rft.creator=%5B%5BReuters%5D%5D+zitiert+gg%C3%BC.+%5B%5BWashington+Post%5D%5D+best%C3%A4tigtes+internes+%5B%5BCenters+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%7CCDC%5D%5D-Dokument&rft.date=2021-07-30&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <a href="Europ%C3%A4isches_Zentrum_f%C3%BCr_die_Pr%C3%A4vention_und_die_Kontrolle_von_Krankheiten" title="Europäisches Zentrum für die Prävention und die Kontrolle von Krankheiten">ECDC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220306162025/https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/data-virus-variants-covid-19-eueea">Data on SARS-CoV-2 variants in the EU/EEA.</a> In: COVID-19 / Situation updates on COVID-19 / Download COVID-19 datasets. ecdc.europa.eu, 3. März 2022, archiviert vom <a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecdc.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fpublications-data%2Fdata-virus-variants-covid-19-eueea">Original</a> am 6. März 2022; abgerufen am 6. März 2022 (englisch, ‚Dataset 3 Mar 2022‘ / Aktualisierbar: country=Germany, source=GISAID, variant B.1.617.2 -> Daten: percent_variant).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Data+on+SARS-CoV-2+variants+in+the+EU%2FEEA&rft.description=Data+on+SARS-CoV-2+variants+in+the+EU%2FEEA&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20220306162025%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecdc.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fpublications-data%2Fdata-virus-variants-covid-19-eueea&rft.creator=%5B%5BEurop%C3%A4isches+Zentrum+f%C3%BCr+die+Pr%C3%A4vention+und+die+Kontrolle+von+Krankheiten%7CECDC%5D%5D&rft.publisher=ecdc.europa.eu&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft.source=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/data-virus-variants-covid-19-eueea&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> swr.de: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/sorge-in-baden-wuerttemberg-wegen-delta-variante-100.html">Delta-Variante in BW</a>, abgerufen am 16. Juni 2021.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> <a href="Europ%C3%A4isches_Zentrum_f%C3%BCr_die_Pr%C3%A4vention_und_die_Kontrolle_von_Krankheiten" title="Europäisches Zentrum für die Prävention und die Kontrolle von Krankheiten">ECDC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/data-virus-variants-covid-19-eueea">Data on SARS-CoV-2 variants in the EU/EEA.</a> In: COVID-19 / Situation updates on COVID-19 / Download COVID-19 datasets. ecdc.europa.eu, 2. September 2021, abgerufen am 2. September 2021 (englisch, Auswertung: country=Germany, source=GISAID, variant=B.1.617.2, year_week (Kalenderwoche)=18,22,24,26,28 -> Daten: percent_variant).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Data+on+SARS-CoV-2+variants+in+the+EU%2FEEA&rft.description=Data+on+SARS-CoV-2+variants+in+the+EU%2FEEA&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecdc.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fpublications-data%2Fdata-virus-variants-covid-19-eueea&rft.creator=%5B%5BEurop%C3%A4isches+Zentrum+f%C3%BCr+die+Pr%C3%A4vention+und+die+Kontrolle+von+Krankheiten%7CECDC%5D%5D&rft.publisher=ecdc.europa.eu&rft.date=2021-09-02&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-RKI20211021-72"><a href="#cite_ref-RKI20211021_72-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/N/Neuartiges_Coronavirus/Situationsberichte/Wochenbericht/Wochenberichte_Tab.html">Wöchentlicher Lagebericht des RKI zur Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019 (COVID-19) 21.10.2021.</a> In: Wochenberichte zu COVID-19. rki.de, 21. Oktober 2021, S. 28, abgerufen am 25. Oktober 2021.<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=W%C3%B6chentlicher+Lagebericht+des+RKI+zur+Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019+%28COVID-19%29+21.10.2021&rft.description=W%C3%B6chentlicher+Lagebericht+des+RKI+zur+Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019+%28COVID-19%29+21.10.2021&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rki.de%2FDE%2FContent%2FInfAZ%2FN%2FNeuartiges_Coronavirus%2FSituationsberichte%2FWochenbericht%2FWochenberichte_Tab.html&rft.publisher=rki.de&rft.date=2021-10-21">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outbreak.info/location-reports?loc=DEU">Location Tracker – Germany Mutation Report.</a> outbreak.info, abgerufen am 3. November 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Location+Tracker+%E2%80%93+Germany+Mutation+Report&rft.description=Location+Tracker+%E2%80%93+Germany+Mutation+Report&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Foutbreak.info%2Flocation-reports%3Floc%3DDEU&rft.publisher=outbreak.info&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> Häufigkeit der einzelnen Spike-Mutationen je Pango-Variante: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outbreak.info/compare-lineages?pango=B.1.617.2&pango=AY.4&pango=AY.5&pango=AY.9&pango=AY.33&pango=AY.42&pango=AY.43&pango=AY.46&pango=AY.46.6&gene=S&threshold=65&dark=true">SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV-19) Mutation Reports – Lineage Comparison.</a> In: outbreak.info. Abgerufen am 3. November 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=SARS-CoV-2+%28hCoV-19%29+Mutation+Reports+%E2%80%93+Lineage+Comparison&rft.description=SARS-CoV-2+%28hCoV-19%29+Mutation+Reports+%E2%80%93+Lineage+Comparison&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Foutbreak.info%2Fcompare-lineages%3Fpango%3DB.1.617.2%26pango%3DAY.4%26pango%3DAY.5%26pango%3DAY.9%26pango%3DAY.33%26pango%3DAY.42%26pango%3DAY.43%26pango%3DAY.46%26pango%3DAY.46.6%26gene%3DS%26threshold%3D65%26dark%3Dtrue&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rki.de/DE/Content/InfAZ/N/Neuartiges_Coronavirus/Situationsberichte/Wochenbericht/Wochenberichte_Tab.html">Wöchentlicher Lagebericht des RKI zur Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019 (COVID-19) 12. & 19.08.2021.</a> In: Wochenberichte zu COVID-19. rki.de, 20. August 2021, S. 21, 23 (19. August), abgerufen am 25. August 2021.<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=W%C3%B6chentlicher+Lagebericht+des+RKI+zur+Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019+%28COVID-19%29+12.+%26+19.08.2021&rft.description=W%C3%B6chentlicher+Lagebericht+des+RKI+zur+Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019+%28COVID-19%29+12.+%26+19.08.2021&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rki.de%2FDE%2FContent%2FInfAZ%2FN%2FNeuartiges_Coronavirus%2FSituationsberichte%2FWochenbericht%2FWochenberichte_Tab.html&rft.publisher=rki.de&rft.date=2021-08-20">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outbreak.info/location-reports?loc=DEU&pango=AY.3&pango=AY.3.1&dark=true&selected=AY.3&selected=AY.3.1">Location Tracker – Germany Variant Report.</a> outbreak.info, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Location+Tracker+%E2%80%93+Germany+Variant+Report&rft.description=Location+Tracker+%E2%80%93+Germany+Variant+Report&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Foutbreak.info%2Flocation-reports%3Floc%3DDEU%26pango%3DAY.3%26pango%3DAY.3.1%26dark%3Dtrue%26selected%3DAY.3%26selected%3DAY.3.1&rft.publisher=outbreak.info&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> Siehe auch: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bolton.gov.uk/coronavirus">www.bolton.gov.uk/coronavirus</a>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a> Katie Wright: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/live/uk-57424534">Delta variant comprises 91 % of new UK cases.</a> In: bbc.com. 10. Juni 2021, abgerufen am 7. Juli 2021 (englisch).

</li>

<li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> Artikel zur »<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID_Symptom_Study" class="extiw external" title="en:COVID Symptom Study">Zoe-Covid-Symptom-Studie</a>« des <a href="King%E2%80%99s_College_London" title="King’s College London">King’s College London</a> in <a href="https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:" class="extiw external" title="wikt:en:">en.wikipedia.org</a>

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<li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/corona-infektion-schwerer-zu-erkennen-ein-besonderes-symptom-fehlt-wohl-bei-der-delta-variante/27288864.html">Corona-Infektion schwerer zu erkennen: Ein besonderes Symptom fehlt wohl bei der Delta-Variante.</a> In: <a href="Tagesspiegel.de" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagesspiegel.de">tagesspiegel.de</a>. 16. Juni 2021, abgerufen am 23. Juni 2021 („Husten, Fieber, Geruchs- oder Geschmacksverlust gelten als die häufigsten Symptome nach einer Corona-Infektion. Das ist bei der Delta-Variante anders.“ → Quelle: ebenda).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Corona-Infektion+schwerer+zu+erkennen%3A+Ein+besonderes+Symptom+fehlt+wohl+bei+der+Delta-Variante&rft.description=Corona-Infektion+schwerer+zu+erkennen%3A+Ein+besonderes+Symptom+fehlt+wohl+bei+der+Delta-Variante&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fwissen%2Fcorona-infektion-schwerer-zu-erkennen-ein-besonderes-symptom-fehlt-wohl-bei-der-delta-variante%2F27288864.html&rft.date=2021-06-16">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> CDC.gov am 6. August 2021: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/delta-variant.html">Delta Variant: What We Know About the Science</a> (englisch).

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<li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/gesellschaft/gesundheit/coronavirus/corona-in-usa-warnung-vor-ausbreitenden-delta-variante-17476872.html">US-Gesundheitsvertreter warnt nach neuem Infektions-Höchststand vor „Versagen“.</a> In: Corona-Pandemie. faz.net, 9. August 2021, abgerufen am 5. September 2021.<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=US-Gesundheitsvertreter+warnt+nach+neuem+Infektions-H%C3%B6chststand+vor+%E2%80%9EVersagen%E2%80%9C&rft.description=US-Gesundheitsvertreter+warnt+nach+neuem+Infektions-H%C3%B6chststand+vor+%E2%80%9EVersagen%E2%80%9C&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Fgesellschaft%2Fgesundheit%2Fcoronavirus%2Fcorona-in-usa-warnung-vor-ausbreitenden-delta-variante-17476872.html&rft.publisher=faz.net&rft.date=2021-08-09">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://outbreak.info/situation-reports?loc=USA&pango=AY.3&selected=USA">AY.3 Lineage Report.</a> In: Lineage/Mutation Tracker. outbreak.info, 25. August 2021, abgerufen am 28. August 2021 (englisch).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=AY.3+Lineage+Report&rft.description=AY.3+Lineage+Report&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Foutbreak.info%2Fsituation-reports%3Floc%3DUSA%26pango%3DAY.3%26selected%3DUSA&rft.publisher=outbreak.info&rft.date=2021-08-25&rft.language=en">

</li>

<li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/wohl-hoehere-pathogenitaet-bei-delta-variante-126113/">Coronavirus: Wohl höhere Pathogenität bei Delta-Variante.</a> In: <a href="Pharmazeutische_Zeitung" title="Pharmazeutische Zeitung">Pharmazeutische Zeitung</a>. 5. Juni 2021, abgerufen am 8. Juni 2021 („Die Delta-Variante des Coronavirus (B.1.617.2) ist vermutlich nicht nur deutlich ansteckender, sondern auch pathogener als andere Varianten und führt häufiger zu Hospitalisierungen. Das meldet die englische Gesundheitsbehörde. Offenbar kann die Variante auch Teilimmunisierte infizieren.“ → Quelle: ebenda).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Coronavirus%3A+Wohl+h%C3%B6here+Pathogenit%C3%A4t+bei+Delta-Variante&rft.description=Coronavirus%3A+Wohl+h%C3%B6here+Pathogenit%C3%A4t+bei+Delta-Variante&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de%2Fwohl-hoehere-pathogenitaet-bei-delta-variante-126113%2F&rft.date=2021-06-05">

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<li id="cite_note-nature20210622-85">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-nature20210622_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nature20210622_85-1">b</a> Ewen Callaway: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Delta coronavirus variant: scientists brace for impact</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Nature</cite>. Nr. 595, 1. Juli 2021, S. 17 f., <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01696-3">10.1038/d41586-021-01696-3</a> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-021-01696-3/d41586-021-01696-3.pdf">nature.com</a> [PDF; abgerufen am 4. September 2021]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:SARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.atitle=Delta+coronavirus+variant%3A+scientists+brace+for+impact&rft.au=Ewen+Callaway&rft.date=2021-07-01&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fd41586-021-01696-3&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=595&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=17+f." style="display:none">

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<li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stern.de/gesundheit/delta-variante--lissabon-wird-wegen-ausbreitung-von-mutation-abgeriegelt-30577404.html">Lissabon wird abgeriegelt: Delta-Variante breitet sich rasant aus.</a> stern.de, 18. Juni 2021, abgerufen am 18. Juni 2021.<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Lissabon+wird+abgeriegelt%3A+Delta-Variante+breitet+sich+rasant+aus&rft.description=Lissabon+wird+abgeriegelt%3A+Delta-Variante+breitet+sich+rasant+aus&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stern.de%2Fgesundheit%2Fdelta-variante--lissabon-wird-wegen-ausbreitung-von-mutation-abgeriegelt-30577404.html&rft.publisher=stern.de&rft.date=2021-06-18">

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<li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/panorama/corona-delta-vierte-welle-100.html">Vormarsch der Corona-Mutante – Führt die Delta-Variante zur vierten Welle?</a> In: zdf.de. 20. Juni 2021, abgerufen am 11. Juli 2021.<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Vormarsch+der+Corona-Mutante+%E2%80%93+F%C3%BChrt+die+Delta-Variante+zur+vierten+Welle%3F&rft.description=Vormarsch+der+Corona-Mutante+%E2%80%93+F%C3%BChrt+die+Delta-Variante+zur+vierten+Welle%3F&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.zdf.de%2Fnachrichten%2Fpanorama%2Fcorona-delta-vierte-welle-100.html&rft.date=2021-06-20">

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<li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a> <a href="Europ%C3%A4isches_Zentrum_f%C3%BCr_die_Pr%C3%A4vention_und_die_Kontrolle_von_Krankheiten" title="Europäisches Zentrum für die Prävention und die Kontrolle von Krankheiten">ECDC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/data-virus-variants-covid-19-eueea">Data on SARS-CoV-2 variants in the EU/EEA.</a> In: COVID-19 / Situation updates on COVID-19 / Download COVID-19 datasets. ecdc.europa.eu, 2. September 2021, abgerufen am 2. September 2021 (englisch, Aktualisierbar: variant=B.1.617.2, source=TESSy, Kalenderwochen: year_week=15 bis 33, country=dargestellte -> Daten: percent_variant).<span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASARS-CoV-2-Variante+Delta&rft.title=Data+on+SARS-CoV-2+variants+in+the+EU%2FEEA&rft.description=Data+on+SARS-CoV-2+variants+in+the+EU%2FEEA&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecdc.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fpublications-data%2Fdata-virus-variants-covid-19-eueea&rft.creator=%5B%5BEurop%C3%A4isches+Zentrum+f%C3%BCr+die+Pr%C3%A4vention+und+die+Kontrolle+von+Krankheiten%7CECDC%5D%5D&rft.publisher=ecdc.europa.eu&rft.date=2021-09-02&rft.language=en">

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<div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="SARS-CoV-2#Virusvarianten" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2-Varianten</a></div>

<a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Alpha" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Alpha">Alpha</a> |

<a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Beta" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Beta">Beta</a> |

<a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Gamma" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Gamma">Gamma</a> |

<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Delta</a> |

<a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Epsilon" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Epsilon">Epsilon</a> |

<a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Zeta" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Zeta">Zeta</a> |

<a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Eta" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Eta">Eta</a> |

<a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Theta" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Theta">Theta</a> |

<a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Iota" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Iota">Iota</a> |

<a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Kappa" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Kappa">Kappa</a> |

<a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Lambda" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Lambda">Lambda</a> |

<a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_My" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante My">My</a> |

<a href="SARS-CoV-2-Variante_Omikron" title="SARS-CoV-2-Variante Omikron">Omikron</a>

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